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<!doctype html><html data-theme=light lang=de xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml><head><meta charset=UTF-8><meta content="Mein Portfolio, Blog und allgemeine Präsenz online" name=description><meta content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" name=viewport><meta content=#FF7E3C name=theme-color><meta content=#FF7E3C media=(prefers-color-scheme:dark) name=theme-color><title>Übersetzung: Iron Smelting - Aron Petau</title><link href=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/ rel=canonical><link href=https://mastodon.online/@reprintedAron rel=me><meta content=@reprintedAron@mastodon.online name=fediverse:creator><link href=https://aron.petau.net/favicon.png rel=icon type=image/png><link href=https://aron.petau.net/apple-touch-icon.png rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=180x180 type=image/png><link crossorigin href=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.7.2/css/all.min.css integrity=sha512-... referrerpolicy=no-referrer rel=stylesheet><link title="Aron Petau - Atom Feed" href=https://aron.petau.net/atom.xml rel=alternate type=application/atom+xml><style>:root,[data-theme=dark]{--accent-color:#ff7e3c}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme=light]){--accent-color:#ff7e3c}}</style><link href=https://aron.petau.net/style.css rel=stylesheet><link href=https://aron.petau.net/css/timeline.css rel=stylesheet><link href=https://aron.petau.net/css/mermaid.css rel=stylesheet><link href=https://aron.petau.net/css/skills.css rel=stylesheet><link href=https://aron.petau.net/css/gallery.css rel=stylesheet><script defer src=https://aron.petau.net/closable.js></script><script defer src=https://aron.petau.net/copy-button.js></script><script data-goatcounter=https://duckquill.goatcounter.com/count defer src=https://aron.petau.net/count.js></script><script defer src=https://aron.petau.net/fuse.js></script><script defer src=https://aron.petau.net/search-fuse.js></script><script defer src=https://aron.petau.net/theme-switcher.js></script><script type=module>import mermaid from 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid@11/dist/mermaid.esm.min.mjs';
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mermaid.initialize({ startOnLoad: true });</script><meta content="Aron Petau" property=og:site_name><meta content="Übersetzung: Iron Smelting - Aron Petau" property=og:title><meta content=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/ property=og:url><meta content="Impressions from the International Smelting Days 2021" property=og:description><meta content=https://aron.petau.net/processed_images/compacting_iron.dc4a764991dc6105.jpg property=og:image><meta content=de_DE property=og:locale><body><header id=site-nav><nav><a href=#main-content tabindex=0> Zum Hauptinhalt springen </a><ul><li id=home><a href=https://aron.petau.net/de/> <i class=icon></i>Aron Petau</a><li class=divider><li><a href=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/>Projekte</a><li><a href=https://aron.petau.net/de/pages/contact/>Kontakt</a><li><a href=https://aron.petau.net/de/pages/cv/>Vita</a><li><a href=https://aron.petau.net/de/pages/about/>Über mich</a><li id=search><button class=circle id=search-toggle title=Suche><i class=icon></i></button><li id=language-switcher><details class=closable><summary class=circle title=Sprache><i class=icon></i></summary> <ul><li><a href=https://aron.petau.net/project/iron-smelting/ lang=en>English</a></ul></details><li id=theme-switcher><details class=closable><summary class=circle title=Thema><i class=icon></i></summary> <ul><li><button title="Zum hellen Thema wechseln" class=circle id=theme-light><i class=icon></i></button><li><button title="Zum dunklen Thema wechseln" class=circle id=theme-dark><i class=icon></i></button><li><button title="Systemthema nutzen" class=circle id=theme-system><i class=icon></i></button></ul></details><li id=feed><a class=circle href=https://aron.petau.net/de/atom.xml title=Feed> <i class=icon></i> </a><li id=repo><a class=circle href=https://forgejo.petau.net/aron/awebsite title=Repository> <i class=icon></i> </a></ul></nav><div id=search-container><label class=visually-hidden for=search-bar>Suche</label><input placeholder="Suche nach…" autocomplete=off disabled id=search-bar type=search><div id=search-results-container><div id=search-results></div></div></div></header><main id=main-content><article><div id=banner-container><img class=full-bleed id=banner src=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/compacting_iron.jpg></div><div id=heading><p><small> <time datetime=" 2021-08-01T00:00:00+00:00">Veröffentlicht am 01. 08. 2021</time></small><h1>Übersetzung: Iron Smelting</h1><p><small><span>Von Aron Petau</span><span> • </span><span>4 Minuten gelesen</span><span> • </span></small><ul class=tags><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/isd/>ISD</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/archeology/>archeology</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/bloomery/>bloomery</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/clay/>clay</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/coal/>coal</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/experiment/>experiment</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/furnace/>furnace</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/history/>history</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/iron/>iron</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/iron-age/>iron age</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/iron-smelting/>iron smelting</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/ore/>ore</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/private/>private</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/de/tags/technology/>technology</a></ul></div><div id=buttons-container><a title="Nach Oben gehen" href=#top id=go-to-top><i class=icon></i></a><a href="https://shareopenly.org/share/?url=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/&text=Impressions%20from%20the%20International%20Smelting%20Days%202021" id=share title=Teilen><i class=icon></i></a><a title="Ein Issue erstellen" href=https://forgejo.petau.net/aron/awebsite/issues id=issue><i class=icon></i></a></div><h2 id=Iron_Smelting>Iron Smelting</h2><h3 id=Impressions_from_the_International_Smelting_Days_2021>Impressions from the International Smelting Days 2021</h3><h3 id=The_concept>The concept</h3><p>Since I was a small child I regularly took part in the yearly international congress called Iron Smelting Days (ISD). This is a congress of transdisciplinary people from all over Europe, including historians, archeologists, blacksmiths, steel producers, and many invested hobbyists. The proclaimed goal of these events is to understand the ancient production of iron as it happened throughout the iron age and also much after. A bloomery furnace was used to create iron. Making iron requires iron ore and heat under the exclusion of oxygen. It is a highly fragile process that takes an incredible amount of work. The designs and methods vary a lot and were very adapted to the region and local conditions, unlike the much later, more industrialized process using blast furnaces.<p>To this day it is quite unclear how prehistoric people managed to get the amount and quality of iron we know they had. The furnaces that were built were often clay structures and are not preserved. Archeologists often find the leftover burned ore and minerals, giving us some indication of the structure and composition of the ancient furnaces. The group around the ISD takes up a practical archeological approach and we try to recreate the ancient methods with the added capability of maybe sticking temperature probes or electric blowers. Each year we meet up in a different European city and try to adapt to the local conditions, often with local ore and local coal. It is a place where different areas of expertise come together to educate each other while sitting together through the intense day- and night shifts to feed the furnaces. Since being a kid, I started building my own furnaces and read up on the process so I could participate. Technology gets a different tint when one is involved in such a process: Even the lights we put up to work through the evening are technically cheating. We use thermometers, meticulously weigh and track the inbound coal and ore, and have many modern amenities around. Yet - with our much more advanced technology, our results are often inferior in quantity and quality in comparison with historical findings. Without modern scales, iron-age people were more accurate and consistent than we are.<p>After some uncertainty about whether it would take place in 2021 again after it was canceled in 2020, a small group met up in Ulft, Netherlands. This year in Ulft, another group made local coal, so that the entire process was even lengthier, and visitors came from all over to learn about making iron the pre-historic way.<p>Below I captured most of the process in some time-lapses.<h2 id=The_Process>The Process</h2><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen class=youtube-embed referrerpolicy=strict-origin-when-cross-origin src=https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/mC_RHxVbo2M></iframe><p>Here you can see a timelapse of me building a version of an Iron Furnace<p>As you can see, we are using some quite modern materials, such as bricks, this is due to the time constraints of the ISD. Making an oven completely from scratch is a much more lengthy process requiring drying periods in between building.<p>After, the furnace is dried and heated up<p>Over the course of the process, more than 100 kgs of coal and around 20 kgs of ore are used to create a final piece of iron of 200 - 500g, just enough for a single knife.<p>With all the modern amenities and conveniences available to us, a single run still takes more than 3 people working over 72 hours, not accounting for the coal-making or mining and relocating the iron ore.<p>Some more impressions from the ISD<div id=image-gallery><ul class=gallery><li class=gallery-item><a class=lightbox href=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/coal_furnace.jpg target=_blank> <img alt="a loaded furnace" src=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/coal_furnace.jpg> </a> <p class=caption>a loaded bloomery furnace</p><li class=gallery-item><a class=lightbox href=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/isd_drone.jpg target=_blank> <img alt="the ISD from above" src=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/isd_drone.jpg> </a> <p class=caption>The ISD from above</p><li class=gallery-item><a class=lightbox href=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/iron_result.jpg target=_blank> <img alt="glowing iron" src=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/iron_result.jpg> </a> <p class=caption>glowing iron</p><li class=gallery-item><a class=lightbox href=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/burning_furnace.jpg target=_blank> <img alt="a furnace burning" src=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/burning_furnace.jpg> </a> <p class=caption>a furnace burning</p><li class=gallery-item><a class=lightbox href=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/compacting_iron.jpg target=_blank> <img alt="compacting the resulting iron" src=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/compacting_iron.jpg> </a> <p class=caption>Compacting the resulting iron</p><li class=gallery-item><a class=lightbox href=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/flir_furnace.jpg target=_blank> <img alt="a heat camera image of the furnace" src=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/flir_furnace.jpg> </a> <p class=caption>a heat camera image of the furnace</p><li class=gallery-item><a class=lightbox href=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/iron_smelting_graph.png target=_blank> <img alt="A cross-section of my furnace type" src=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/iron-smelting/iron_smelting_graph.png> </a> <p class=caption>A cross-section illustrating the temperatures reached</p></ul></div><p>For me, it is very hard to define what technology encompasses. It certainly goes beyond the typically associated imagery of computing and industrial progress. It is a mode of encompassing the world and adopting other technologies, be it by time or by region makes me feel how diffused the phenomenon of technology is into my world.<p><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/eu-iron-smelting-days/home?authuser=0">Find out more about the ISD</a></article><hr><nav id=post-nav><a class="post-nav-item post-nav-prev" href=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/bachelor-thesis/> <div class=nav-arrow>Vorherige</div> <span class=post-title>Bachelor Thesis</span> </a><a class="post-nav-item post-nav-next" href=https://aron.petau.net/de/project/homebrew/> <div class=nav-arrow>Nächstes</div> <span class=post-title>Übersetzung: Homebrew</span> </a></nav><span class=hidden id=copy-code-text>Code kopieren</span><span class=hidden id=search-index>https://aron.petau.net/de//search_index.en.json</span><span class=hidden id=more-matches-text>$MATCHES mehr Treffer</span></main><footer id=site-footer><div class=carbonbadge id=wcb></div><script defer 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