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mermaid.initialize({ startOnLoad: true });</script><meta content="Aron Petau" property=og:site_name><meta content="Coding Examples - Aron Petau" property=og:title><meta content=https://aron.petau.net/project/coding/ property=og:url><meta content="A selection of coding projects from my Bachelor's in Cognitive Science" property=og:description><meta content=https://aron.petau.net/processed_images/sample_lr.b8116ea39a7f3d2e.png property=og:image><meta content=en_US property=og:locale><body><header id=site-nav><nav><a href=#main-content tabindex=0> Skip to Main Content </a><ul><li id=home><a href=https://aron.petau.net> <i class=icon></i>Aron Petau</a><li class=divider><li><a href=https://aron.petau.net/project/>Projects</a><li><a href=https://aron.petau.net/pages/contact/>Contact</a><li><a href=https://aron.petau.net/pages/cv/>CV</a><li><a href=https://aron.petau.net/pages/about/>About</a><li id=search><button class=circle id=search-toggle title=Search><i class=icon></i></button><li id=language-switcher><details class=closable><summary class=circle title=Language><i class=icon></i></summary> <ul><li><a href=https://aron.petau.net//de/project/coding/ lang=de>Deutsch</a></ul></details><li id=theme-switcher><details class=closable><summary class=circle title=Theme><i class=icon></i></summary> <ul><li><button title="Switch to Light Theme" class=circle id=theme-light><i class=icon></i></button><li><button title="Switch to Dark Theme" class=circle id=theme-dark><i class=icon></i></button><li><button title="Use System Theme" class=circle id=theme-system><i class=icon></i></button></ul></details><li id=feed><details class=closable><summary class=circle title=Feed><i class=icon></i></summary> <ul><li><a href=https://aron.petau.net/rss.xml>RSS</a><li><a href=https://aron.petau.net/atom.xml>Atom</a></ul></details><li id=repo><a class=circle href=https://forgejo.petau.net/aron/awebsite title=Repository> <i class=icon></i> </a></ul></nav><div id=search-container><label class=visually-hidden for=search-bar>Search</label><input placeholder="Search for…" autocomplete=off disabled id=search-bar type=search><div id=search-results-container><div id=search-results></div></div></div></header><main id=main-content><article><div id=banner-container><img class=full-bleed id=banner src=https://aron.petau.net/project/coding/sample_lr.png></div><div id=heading><p><small> <time datetime=" 2021-03-01T00:00:00+00:00">Published on March 01, 2021</time></small><h1>Coding Examples</h1><p><small><span>By Aron Petau</span><span> • </span><span>3 minutes read</span><span> • </span></small><ul class=tags><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/ai/>AI</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/cnn/>CNN</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/gofai/>GOFAI</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/mtcnn/>MTCNN</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/computer-vision/>computer vision</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/ethics/>ethics</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/face-detection/>face detection</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/google-colab/>google colab</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/jupyter-notebook/>jupyter notebook</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/keras/>keras</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/machine-learning/>machine learning</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/neural-nets/>neural nets</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/object-recognition/>object recognition</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/python/>python</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/super-resolution/>super resolution</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/tensorflow/>tensorflow</a><li><a class=tag href=https://aron.petau.net/tags/university-of-osnabruck/>university of osnabrück</a></ul></div><div id=buttons-container><a title="Go to Top" href=#top id=go-to-top><i class=icon></i></a><a href="https://shareopenly.org/share/?url=https://aron.petau.net/project/coding/&text=A%20selection%20of%20coding%20projects%20from%20my%20Bachelor%27s%20in%20Cognitive%20Science" id=share title=Share><i class=icon></i></a><a title="File an Issue" href=https://forgejo.petau.net/aron/awebsite/issues id=issue><i class=icon></i></a></div><h2 id=Neural_Networks_and_Computer_Vision>Neural Networks and Computer Vision</h2><h2 id=A_selection_of_coding_projects>A selection of coding projects</h2><p>Although pure coding and debugging are often not a passion of mine, I recognize the importance of neural networks and other recent developments in Computer Vision. From several projects regarding AI and Machine Learning that I co-authored during my Bachelor Program, I picked this one since I think it is well documented and explains on a step-by-step basis what we do there.<h3 id=Image_Super-Resolution_using_Convolutional_Neural_Networks_(Recreation_of_a_2016_Paper)>Image Super-Resolution using Convolutional Neural Networks (Recreation of a 2016 Paper)</h3><p>Image Super-Resolution is a hugely important topic in Computer Vision. If it works sufficiently advanced, we could take all our screenshots and selfies and cat pictures from the 2006 facebook-era and even from before and scale them up to suit modern 4K needs.<p>Just to give an example of what is possible in 2020, just 4 years after the paper here, have a look at this video from 1902:</p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen class=youtube-embed referrerpolicy=strict-origin-when-cross-origin src=https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/EQs5VxNPhzk></iframe><p>The 2016 paper we had a look at is much more modest: it tries to upscale only a single Image, but historically, it was one of the first to achieve computing times sufficiently small to make such realtime-video-upscaling as visible in the Video (from 2020) or of the likes that Nvidia uses nowadays to upscale Videogames.<p>Example of a Super-Resolution Image. The Neural network is artificially adding Pixels so that we can finally put our measly selfie on a billboard poster and not be appalled by our deformed-and-pixelated-through-technology face.<div id=image-gallery><ul class=gallery><li class=gallery-item><a class=lightbox href=https://aron.petau.net/project/coding/sample_lr.png target=_blank> <img alt="A sample image with low resolution, used as a baseline for comparison." src=https://aron.petau.net/project/coding/sample_lr.png> </a> <p class=caption>A low-resolution sample</p><li class=gallery-item><a class=lightbox href=https://aron.petau.net/project/coding/sample_hr.png target=_blank> <img alt="A high-resolution image that serves as the reference ground truth for comparison with other samples." src=https://aron.petau.net/project/coding/sample_hr.png> </a> <p class=caption>A high-resolution sample. This is also called 'ground truth'</p><li class=gallery-item><a class=lightbox href=https://aron.petau.net/project/coding/sample_sr.png target=_blank> <img alt="A sample image where the resolution has been artificially increased using an image enhancement algorithm." src=https://aron.petau.net/project/coding/sample_sr.png> </a> <p class=caption>The artificially enlarged image patch resulting from the algorithm</p><li class=gallery-item><a class=lightbox href=https://aron.petau.net/project/coding/sample_loss.png target=_blank> <img alt="A graph illustrating the loss function used to train the model, showing the model's performance over time." src=https://aron.petau.net/project/coding/sample_loss.png> </a> <p class=caption>A graph showing an exemplary loss function applied during training</p><li class=gallery-item><a class=lightbox href=https://aron.petau.net/project/coding/sample_cos_sim.png target=_blank> <img alt="A visualization of pixel-wise cosine similarity, used to quantify how similar the generated image is to the ground truth image." src=https://aron.petau.net/project/coding/sample_cos_sim.png> </a> <p class=caption>One qualitative measurement we used was pixel-wise cosine similarity. It is used to measure how similar the output and the ground truth images are</p></ul></div><p><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1RlgIKJmX8Omz9CTktX7cdIV_BwarUFpv?usp=sharing">The Python notebook for Image super-resolution in Colab</a><h3 id=MTCNN_(Application_and_Comparison_of_a_2016_Paper)>MTCNN (Application and Comparison of a 2016 Paper)</h3><p>Here, you can also have a look at another, much smaller project, where we rebuilt a rather classical Machine learning approach for face detection. Here, we use preexisting libraries to demonstrate the difference in efficacy of approaches, showing that Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN) was one of the best-performing approaches in 2016. Since I invested much more love and work into the above project, I would prefer for you to check that one out, in case two projects are too much.<p><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1uNGsVZ0Q42JRNa3BuI4W-JNJHaXD26bu?usp=sharing">Face detection using a classical AI Approach (Recreation of a 2016 Paper)</a></article><hr><nav id=post-nav><a class="post-nav-item post-nav-prev" href=https://aron.petau.net/project/critical-philosophy-subjectivity/> <div class=nav-arrow>Previous</div> <span class=post-title>Critical Philosophy of Subjectivity</span> </a><a class="post-nav-item post-nav-next" href=https://aron.petau.net/project/bachelor-thesis/> <div class=nav-arrow>Next</div> <span class=post-title>Bachelor Thesis</span> </a></nav><span class=hidden id=copy-code-text>Copy Code</span><span class=hidden id=search-index>https://aron.petau.net/search_index.en.json</span><span class=hidden id=more-matches-text>$MATCHES more matches</span></main><footer id=site-footer><div 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