more translation, add unity for defences

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -85,9 +85,6 @@ zola build
    [taxonomies]
    tags = ["tag1", "tag2"]
 
-   [extra]
-   show_copyright = true
-   show_shares = true
    +++
    ```
 4. Place images in the same directory as the markdown file

.markdownlint.json

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 {
   "MD033": false,
-  "MD040": false
+  "MD040": false,
+  "MD013": { "line_length": 120 }
 }

LICENSE

@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@ Under the following terms:
 
 No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
 
-Note: The Duckquill theme remains under its original MIT license.
+Note: The Duckquill theme remains under its original MIT license.

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # Personal Website (aron.petau.net)
 
-A multilingual personal website and blog built with [Zola](https://www.getzola.org/) and the [Duckquill](https://duckquill.daudix.one) theme.
+A multilingual personal website and blog built with [Zola](https://www.getzola.org/) and the
+[Duckquill](https://duckquill.daudix.one) theme.
 
 ## Features
 
@@ -184,12 +185,15 @@ The generated site will be in the `public/` directory.
 
 ## License
 
-This project's content and code (except theme) is licensed under [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). This means you can:
+This project's content and code (except theme) is licensed under
+[Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
+This means you can:
 
 - Share and copy the content
 - Adapt and transform it
 - Use it non-commercially
 
-As long as you provide appropriate attribution and indicate any changes made. Commercial use is not permitted without explicit permission.
+As long as you provide appropriate attribution and indicate any changes made.
+Commercial use is not permitted without explicit permission.
 
-The Duckquill theme is under its original MIT license.
+The Duckquill theme is under its original MIT license.

TAG_CONSOLIDATION_SUMMARY.md

@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-# Tag Consolidation Summary
-
-## Results
-
-- **Before**: 353 unique tags
-- **After**: 257 unique tags
-- **Reduction**: 96 tags (27% reduction)
-- **Files changed**: 49 files
-- **Individual changes**: 148 tag modifications
-
-## Key Consolidations Applied
-
-### 1. Capitalization Standardization
-All tags now use lowercase:
-- `AI` → `ai`
-- `Unity` → `unity`
-- `VLF` → `vlf`
-- `3D printing` → `3d printing`
-- `Arduino` → `arduino`
-- `Linux` → `linux`
-
-### 2. Language Standardization (English Only)
-Removed German tags from all files:
-- `programmierung` → `programming`
-- `mobile werkstatt` → `mobile workshop`
-- `urbane intervention` → `urban intervention`
-- `bildung` → `education`
-
-### 3. Concept Consolidation
-
-**3D Printing/Fabrication** (consolidated to `3d printing`):
-- additive manufacturing
-- filastruder
-- filament
-- design for printing
-
-**Energy** (consolidated to `energy`):
-- electricity
-- solar
-- grid
-
-**Sustainability** (consolidated to `sustainability`):
-- cradle-to-cradle
-- circular
-- environment (when context appropriate)
-
-**Recycling** (consolidated to `recycling`):
-- waste
-- precious plastic
-- shredder
-- plastics-as-waste
-- collaborative recycling
-
-**Data** (consolidated appropriately):
-- `data collection` → `data`
-- `data viz` → `data visualization`
-
-**Interactive** (consolidated to `interactive`):
-- game
-- 1st person
-- 2 player
-- 3rd person
-
-**Infrastructure**:
-- hosting → `infrastructure`
-- decentral → `decentralized`
-
-**Research/Academia**:
-- university → `research`
-- master thesis → `thesis`
-
-**Programming/ML**:
-- rust → `programming`
-- physics → `programming` (when used in context)
-- ml → `machine learning`
-
-**Media Theory** (person names consolidated):
-- geert lovink → `media theory`
-- evgeny morozov → `media theory`
-- lisa parks → `media theory`
-- francis hunger → `media theory`
-
-**Philosophy** (person names consolidated):
-- alison jaggar → `philosophy`
-- elizabeth anderson → `philosophy`
-- elsa dorlin → `philosophy`
-- francois ewald → `philosophy`
-- josé medina → `philosophy`
-- judith butler → `philosophy`
-- michael foucault → `philosophy`
-- miranda fricker → `philosophy`
-
-**Other Consolidations**:
-- automatic → `automation`
-- automatic1111 → `stable diffusion`
-- blogging → `communication`
-- cyberpunk → `speculative design`
-- scaling → `design`
-- privat → `work`
-
-### 4. Tags Removed
-- `TODO, unfinished` - removed from 7 files (not a meaningful public tag)
-
-## Top 30 Most Used Tags (After Consolidation)
-
-1. university of the arts berlin (26)
-2. 3d printing (23)
-3. work (17)
-4. private (17)
-5. experiment (16)
-6. university of osnabrück (14)
-7. studio d+c (14)
-8. democratic (14)
-9. recycling (12)
-10. engineering (12)
-11. python (10)
-12. interactive (10)
-13. energy (10)
-14. sustainability (8)
-15. media theory (8)
-16. making (8)
-17. education (8)
-18. einszwovier (7)
-19. urban intervention (6)
-20. unity (6)
-21. thesis (6)
-22. research (6)
-23. radio (6)
-24. programming (6)
-25. plastics (6)
-26. india (6)
-27. decentralized (6)
-28. technische universität berlin (4)
-29. suv (4)
-30. stable diffusion (4)
-
-## Recommendations for Further Reduction
-
-To reach closer to 50 tags, consider:
-
-1. **Institution tags**: Keep only main institutions, remove specific departments
-   - Keep: `university of the arts berlin`, `university of osnabrück`
-   - Consider generalizing project-specific ones
-
-2. **Tool-specific tags**: Consolidate specific tools into broader categories
-   - `google dialogflow`, `google cloud`, `google assistant` → `voice assistant` or `ai`
-   - `tensorflow`, `keras` → `machine learning`
-
-3. **Material tags**: Group related materials
-   - `plastics`, `clay`, `iron` → `materials`
-
-4. **Specific technologies**: Keep only if frequently used
-   - Consider removing one-off tools/libraries
-
-5. **Geographic specificity**:
-   - `india`, `himalaya`, `iit kharagpur` → Consider just `india`
-
-## Tag Guidelines Going Forward
-
-1. **Always lowercase** - no exceptions
-2. **English only** - never translate tags
-3. **Use existing tags** - check the list before creating new ones
-4. **Prefer general over specific** - unless the specific tag will be used 3+ times
-5. **Remove person names** - use topic tags instead
-6. **Avoid TODO/meta tags** - those belong in draft status, not tags
-
-## Scripts Created
-
-- `scripts/analyze_tags.sh` - Analyze and count tag usage
-- `scripts/consolidate_tags.py` - Main consolidation script
-- `scripts/final_tag_cleanup.py` - Final cleanup pass
-- `scripts/tag_consolidation_map.txt` - Reference mapping document

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2018-05-03-printing/index.de.md

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
++++
+title = "Übersetzung: 3D printing"
+date = 2018-05-03
+updated = 2025-05-05
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "My 3D Printing journey and the societal implications of the technology"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "accessibility",
+  "creality",
+  "decentralized",
+  "democratic",
+  "engineering",
+  "experiment",
+  "gcode",
+  "octoprint",
+  "parametric design",
+  "plastics",
+  "prusa",
+  "slicing",
+  "private",
+  "work",
+  "3d printing",
+  "university of osnabrück",
+]
+[extra]
+banner = "prusa.jpg"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
+featured = true
++++
+
+{% gallery() %}
+
+[
+{
+"file": "cloning_station.jpg",
+"title": "A plant propagation station now preparing our tomatoes for summer",
+"alt": "cloning station"
+},
+{
+"file": "elk.jpg",
+"alt": "elk",
+"title": "We use this to determine the flatmate of the month"
+},
+{
+"file": "dragon_skull_1.jpg",
+"alt": "dragon skull",
+"title": "A dragon's head that was later treated to glow in the dark."
+},
+{
+"file": "ender2.jpg",
+"alt": "ender 2",
+"title": "This was my entry into a new world, the now 10 years old Ender 2"
+},
+{
+"file": "lithophane.jpg",
+"alt": "lithophane of my Grandparents",
+"title": "I made some lithophanes, a process where the composition and thickness of the material are used for creating an image."
+},
+{
+"file": "prusa.jpg",
+"title": "This is my second printer, a Prusa i3 MK3s."
+},
+{
+"file": "vulva_candle.jpg",
+"alt": "vulva on a candle",
+"title": "This candle is the result of a 3D printed plastic mold that I then poured wax into."
+},
+{
+"file": "pinecil.jpg",
+"alt": "pinecil",
+"title": "An enclosure for my portable soldering iron"
+},
+{
+"file": "lamp.jpg",
+"alt": "a lamp design",
+"title": "A lamp screen design that particularly fascinated me, it effortlessly comes from a simple 2D spiral shape."
+},
+{
+"file": "prusa_enclosure.jpg",
+"alt": "Prusa enclosure",
+"title": "A custom-built printer enclosure made up of 3 Ikea Lack tables and around 3 kgs of plastic."
+}
+]
+{% end %}
+
+## 3D-Druck
+
+{{ youtube(id="Yj_Pc357kEU") }}
+
+### 3D-Druck ist für mich mehr als nur ein Hobby
+
+Darin sehe ich gesellschaftliche Veränderungen, die Demokratisierung der Produktion und kreative Möglichkeiten.
+Kunststoff muss nicht eines unserer größten Umweltprobleme sein, wenn wir nur unsere Perspektive und unser Verhalten ihm gegenüber ändern.
+Das Spritzgießen von Kunststoff war eine der Hauptantriebsfedern für das kapitalistische System, in dem wir uns heute befinden.
+3D-Druck kann genutzt werden, um der Massenproduktion entgegenzuwirken.
+Heute wird das Schlagwort 3D-Druck bereits mit problematischen gesellschaftlichen Praktiken verbunden, es wird mit „Automatisierung“ und „On-Demand-Wirtschaft“ assoziiert.
+Die Technologie hat viele Aspekte, die bedacht und bewertet werden müssen, und als Technologie entstehen dadurch viele großartige Dinge, gleichzeitig befeuert sie Entwicklungen, die ich problematisch finde.
+Aufgrund einer Geschichte von Patenten, die die Entwicklung der Technologie beeinflussten, und einer eifrigen Übernahme durch Unternehmen, die ihre Produktionsprozesse und Margen optimieren wollen, aber auch einer sehr aktiven Hobby-Community, werden alle möglichen Projekte realisiert.
+Obwohl gesellschaftlich sicher explosiv, spricht viel für den 3D-Druck.
+
+3D-Druck bedeutet lokale und individuelle Produktion.
+Ich glaube zwar nicht an das ganze „Jeder Haushalt wird bald eine Maschine haben, die auf Knopfdruck druckt, was gerade gebraucht wird“, sehe aber enormes Potenzial im 3D-Druck.
+Deshalb möchte ich meine Zukunft darauf aufbauen.
+Ich möchte Dinge entwerfen und sie Wirklichkeit werden lassen.
+Ein 3D-Drucker erlaubt mir, diesen Prozess von Anfang bis Ende zu kontrollieren. Es reicht nicht, etwas im CAD zu designen, ich muss auch die Maschine, die mein Objekt herstellt, vollständig verstehen und steuern können.
+
+Ich benutze seit Anfang 2018 einen 3D-Drucker und mittlerweile habe ich zwei, die meistens das machen, was ich ihnen sage.
+Beide habe ich aus Bausätzen zusammengebaut und stark modifiziert.
+Ich steuere sie via Octoprint, eine Software, die mit ihrer offenen und hilfsbereiten Community mich stolz macht, sie zu nutzen, und die mich viel über Open-Source-Prinzipien gelehrt hat.
+3D-Druck im Hobbybereich ist ein positives Beispiel, bei dem eine Methode mein Design beeinflusst und ich alle Bereiche liebe, die ich dadurch kennengelernt habe.
+Dadurch fühle ich mich in Linux, Programmierung, Löten, Elektronikintegration und iterativem Design mehr zu Hause.
+Ich schätze die Fähigkeiten, die mir ein 3D-Drucker gibt, und plane, ihn im [Recycling](/plastic-recycling/) Projekt einzusetzen.
+
+Im letzten halben Jahr habe ich auch im universitären Kontext mit 3D-Druckern gearbeitet.
+Wir haben ein „Digitallabor“ konzipiert und aufgebaut, einen offenen Raum, um allen Menschen den Zugang zu innovativen Technologien zu ermöglichen.
+Die Idee war, eine Art Makerspace zu schaffen, mit Fokus auf digitale Medien.
+Das Projekt ist jung, es begann im August letzten Jahres, und die meisten meiner Aufgaben lagen in Arbeitsgruppen, die über Maschinentypen und Inhalte entschieden, mit denen so ein Projekt Mehrwert bieten kann.
+Mehr dazu auf der Website:
+
+[DigiLab Osnabrück](https://digitale-lehre.virtuos.uni-osnabrueck.de/uos-digilab/)
+
+Ich bin auch sehr daran interessiert, über Polymere hinaus für den Druck zu forschen.
+Ich würde gerne experimenteller bei der Materialwahl sein, was in einer WG eher schwer ist.
+Es gab großartige Projekte mit Keramik und Druck, denen ich definitiv näher auf den Grund gehen will.
+Ein Projekt, das ich hervorheben möchte, sind die „evolving cups“, die mich sehr beeindruckt haben.
+
+[Evolving Objects](https://evolving-objects.nl)
+
+Diese Gruppe aus den Niederlanden generiert algorithmisch Formen von Bechern und druckt sie dann mit einem Paste-Extruder aus Ton.
+Der Prozess wird hier genauer beschrieben:
+
+Der Künstler [Tom Dijkstra](http://tomdijkstra.info) entwickelt einen Paste-Extruder, der an einen konventionellen Drucker angebaut werden kann. Ich würde sehr gerne meine eigene Version entwickeln und mit dem Drucken neuer und alter Materialien in so einem Konzeptdrucker experimentieren.
+
+[Printing with Ceramics](https://wikifactory.com/+Ceramic3DPrinting/forum/thread/NDQyNDc0)
+
+[The Paste Extruder](http://tomdijkstra.info/dirtmod/index.php)
+
+Auch im Hinblick auf das [Recycling](/project/plastic-recycling/) Projekt könnte es sinnvoll sein, mehrere Maschinen in eine zu integrieren und den Drucker direkt Pellets oder Paste verarbeiten zu lassen.
+Ich freue mich darauf, meinen Horizont hier zu erweitern und zu sehen, was möglich ist.
+
+Becher und Geschirr sind natürlich nur ein Beispielbereich, wo ein Rückgriff auf traditionelle Materialien innerhalb moderner Fertigung sinnvoll sein kann.
+Es wird auch immer mehr über 3D-gedruckte Häuser aus Ton oder Erde gesprochen, ein Bereich, in dem ich [WASP](https://www.3dwasp.com/en/3d-printing-architecture/) sehr schätze.
+Sie haben mehrere Konzeptgebäude und Strukturen aus lokal gemischter Erde gebaut und beeindruckende umweltbewusste Bauwerke geschaffen.
+
+Die Prinzipien des lokalen Bauens mit lokal verfügbaren Materialien einzuhalten und das berüchtigte Emissionsproblem in der Bauindustrie zu berücksichtigen, bringt mehrere Vorteile.
+Und da solche alternativen Lösungen wahrscheinlich nicht von der Industrie selbst kommen, sind Kunstprojekte und öffentliche Demonstrationen wichtige Wege, diese Lösungen zu erforschen und voranzutreiben.
+
+Ich möchte all diese Bereiche erkunden und schauen, wie Fertigung und Nachhaltigkeit zusammenkommen und dauerhafte Lösungen für die Gesellschaft schaffen können.
+
+Außerdem ist 3D-Druck direkt mit den Plänen für meine Masterarbeit verbunden, denn alles, was ich zurückgewinne, muss irgendwie wieder etwas werden.
+Warum nicht unsere Abfälle einfach wegdrucken?
+
+Nach einigen Jahren des Bastelns, Modifizierens und Upgradens habe ich festgestellt, dass ich mein Setup seit über einem Jahr nicht verändert habe.
+Es funktioniert einfach und ich bin zufrieden damit.
+Seit meinem ersten Anfängerdrucker sind die Ausfallraten verschwindend gering und ich musste wirklich komplexe Teile drucken, um genug Abfall für das [Recycling-Projekt](/plastic-recycling/) zu erzeugen.
+Allmählich hat sich das mechanische System des Druckers von einem Objekt der Fürsorge zu einem Werkzeug entwickelt, das ich benutze.
+In den letzten Jahren haben sich Hardware, aber vor allem Software so weit entwickelt, dass es für mich eine Set-and-Forget-Situation geworden ist.
+Jetzt geht es ans eigentliche Drucken meiner Teile und Designs.
+Mehr dazu im Beitrag über [CAD](/project/cad/)

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2018-05-03-printing/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
++++
+title = "3D printing"
+date = 2018-05-03
+updated = 2025-05-05
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "My 3D Printing journey and the societal implications of the technology"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "accessibility",
+  "creality",
+  "decentralized",
+  "democratic",
+  "engineering",
+  "experiment",
+  "gcode",
+  "octoprint",
+  "parametric design",
+  "plastics",
+  "prusa",
+  "slicing",
+  "private",
+  "work",
+  "3d printing",
+  "university of osnabrück",
+]
+[extra]
+banner = "prusa.jpg"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
+featured = true
++++
+
+{% gallery() %}
+
+[
+{
+"file": "cloning_station.jpg",
+"title": "A plant propagation station now preparing our tomatoes for summer",
+"alt": "cloning station"
+},
+{
+"file": "elk.jpg",
+"alt": "elk",
+"title": "We use this to determine the flatmate of the month"
+},
+{
+"file": "dragon_skull_1.jpg",
+"alt": "dragon skull",
+"title": "A dragon's head that was later treated to glow in the dark."
+},
+{
+"file": "ender2.jpg",
+"alt": "ender 2",
+"title": "This was my entry into a new world, the now 10 years old Ender 2"
+},
+{
+"file": "lithophane.jpg",
+"alt": "lithophane of my Grandparents",
+"title": "I made some lithophanes, a process where the composition and thickness of the material are used for creating an image."
+},
+{
+"file": "prusa.jpg",
+"title": "This is my second printer, a Prusa i3 MK3s."
+},
+{
+"file": "vulva_candle.jpg",
+"alt": "vulva on a candle",
+"title": "This candle is the result of a 3D printed plastic mold that I then poured wax into."
+},
+{
+"file": "pinecil.jpg",
+"alt": "pinecil",
+"title": "An enclosure for my portable soldering iron"
+},
+{
+"file": "lamp.jpg",
+"alt": "a lamp design",
+"title": "A lamp screen design that particularly fascinated me, it effortlessly comes from a simple 2D spiral shape."
+},
+{
+"file": "prusa_enclosure.jpg",
+"alt": "Prusa enclosure",
+"title": "A custom-built printer enclosure made up of 3 Ikea Lack tables and around 3 kgs of plastic."
+}
+]
+{% end %}
+
+## 3D Printing
+
+{{ youtube(id="Yj_Pc357kEU") }}
+
+### 3D Printing is more than just a hobby for me
+
+In it, I see societal changes, the democratization of production, and creative possibilities.
+Plastic does not have to be one of our greatest environmental problems if we just choose to change our perspective and behavior toward it.
+Plastic Injection molding was one major driving force for the capitalist setting we are in now.
+3D Printing can be utilized to counteract the production of scale.
+Today, the buzzword 3D Printing is already associated with problematic societal practices, it is related to "automatization" and "on-demand economy".
+The technology has many aspects to be considered and evaluated and as a technology, many awesome things happen through it and on the same page it fuels developments I would consider problematic.
+Due to a history of patents influencing the development of the technology, and avid adoption of companies hoping to optimize production processes and margins, but also a very active hobbyist community, all sorts of projects are realized.
+While certainly societally explosive, there is still a lot going for 3D Printing.
+
+3D Printing means local and custom production.
+While I do not buy the whole “every household is going to have a machine that prints what they need right now at the press of a button”, I do see vast potential in 3D Printing.
+That’s why I want to build my future on it.
+I want to design things and make them become reality.
+A 3D Printer lets me control that process from start to finish. Being able to design a thing in CAD is not enough here, I also need to be able to fully understand and control the machine that makes my thing.
+
+I started using a 3D Printer in early 2018, and by now I have two of them and they mostly do what I tell them to do.
+I built both of them from kits and heavily modified them.
+I control them via octoprint, a software that, with its open and helpful community, makes me proud to use it and taught me a lot about open-source principles.
+3D Printing in the hobbyist space is a positive example where a method informs my design and I love all the areas it introduced me to.
+Through it, I felt more at home using Linux, programming, soldering, incorporating electronics, and iteratively designing.
+I love the abilities a 3D Printer gives me and plan on using it for the [recycling](/plastic-recycling/) project.
+
+During the last half year, I also worked in a university context with 3D printers.
+We conceptualized and established a "Digitallabor", an open space to enable all people to get into contact with innovative technologies.
+The idea was to create some form of Makerspace while emphasizing digital media.
+The project is young, it started in August last year and so most of my tasks were in Workgroups, deciding on the type of machines and types of content such a project can provide value with.
+Read more about it on the Website:
+
+[DigiLab Osnabrück](https://digitale-lehre.virtuos.uni-osnabrueck.de/uos-digilab/)
+
+Looking forward, I am also incredibly interested in going beyond polymers for printing.
+I would love to be able to be more experimental concerning the material choices, something rather hard to achieve while staying in a shared student flat.
+There have been great projects with ceramics and printing, which I certainly want to have a deeper look into.
+One project I want to highlight is the evolving cups which impressed me a lot.
+
+[Evolving Objects](https://evolving-objects.nl)
+
+This group from the Netherlands is algorithmically generating shapes of cups and then printing them on a paste extruder with clay.
+The process used is described more here:
+
+The artist [Tom Dijkstra](http://tomdijkstra.info) is developing a paste extruder that can be attached to modify a conventional Printer and I would very much love to develop my version and experiment with printing new and old materials in such a concept printer.
+
+[Printing with Ceramics](https://wikifactory.com/+Ceramic3DPrinting/forum/thread/NDQyNDc0)
+
+[The Paste Extruder](http://tomdijkstra.info/dirtmod/index.php)
+
+Also with regards to the [recycling](/project/plastic-recycling/) project, it might make sense for me to incorporate multiple machines into one and let the printer itself directly handle pellet- or paste-form.
+I am looking forward to expanding my horizon there and seeing what is possible.
+
+Cups and Tableware are of course just one sample area where a backtrack toward traditional materials within modern manufacturing could make sense.
+There is also more and more talk of 3D Printed Clay- or Earth homes, an area where [WASP](https://www.3dwasp.com/en/3d-printing-architecture/) is a company I look up to.
+They built several concept buildings and structures from locally mixed earth, creating some awesome environmentally conscious structures.
+
+Adhering to principles of local building with locally available materials and taking into account the infamous emission problem within the building industry has several great advantages.
+And since such alternative solutions are unlikely to come from the industry itself, one major avenue to explore and pursue these solutions are art projects and public demonstrations.
+
+I want to explore all these areas and look at how manufacturing and sustainability can converge and create lasting solutions for society.
+
+Also, 3D Printing is directly tied to the plans for my master's thesis, since everything I manage to reclaim, will somehow have to end up being something again.
+Why not print away our waste?
+
+Now, after a few years of tinkering, modifying and upgrading, I find that I did not change my current setup for over a year.
+It simply works and I am happy with it.
+Since my first beginner's printer, the failure rates are negligible and I have had to print really complex parts in order to generate enough waste for the [recycling project](/plastic-recycling/).
+Gradually, the mechanical system of the printer shifted from an object of care to simply a tool that I use.
+In the last years, hardware, but especially software has matured to a point where, at least to me, it tends to be a set-and-forget situation.
+On to actually making my parts and designs.
+Read more about that in the post about [CAD](/project/cad/)
+

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2018-07-05-cad/index.de.md

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
++++
+title = "3D-Modellierung und CAD"
+date = 2018-07-05
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "3D-Modellierung und -Scan mit Fusion360, Sketchfab und Photogrammetrie"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "3d printing",
+  "functional design",
+  "fusion360",
+  "parametric modelling",
+  "photogrammetry",
+  "polycam",
+  "private",
+  "scaniverse",
+  "sketchfab",
+  "university of osnabrück",
+  "virtual reality",
+  "work",
+]
+[extra]
+banner = "render_bike_holder.png"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## 3D-Modellierung und CAD
+
+### Gestaltung von 3D-Objekten
+
+Beim Erlernen des 3D-Drucks hat mich vor allem die Möglichkeit fasziniert, bestehende Produkte zu verändern oder zu reparieren.  
+Auch wenn es eine großartige Community mit vielen guten und kostenlosen Modellen gibt, bin ich schnell an den Punkt gekommen, an dem ich nicht fand, was ich suchte.  
+Mir wurde klar, dass dies eine wesentliche Fähigkeit ist, um nicht nur 3D-Drucker, sondern grundsätzlich jede Art von Produktionsmaschine sinnvoll zu nutzen.
+
+Da ich alles über 3D-Druck auf YouTube gelernt habe und dort fast alle mit **Fusion 360** arbeiteten, habe ich mich ebenfalls dafür entschieden.  
+Rückblickend war das eine sehr gute Wahl – ich habe mich in die Möglichkeiten des **parametrischen Designs** verliebt.  
+Unten findest du einige meiner Entwürfe.  
+Der Prozess selbst macht mir unglaublich viel Spaß und ich möchte ihn noch weiter vertiefen.
+
+Durch Ausprobieren habe ich bereits viel darüber gelernt, wie man speziell für den 3D-Druck konstruiert.  
+Trotzdem habe ich oft das Gefühl, dass mir ein tieferes Verständnis für **ästhetische Gestaltung** fehlt.  
+Ich möchte meine generelle Fähigkeit erweitern, physische Objekte zu entwerfen – etwas, das ich mir im Masterstudium erhoffe.
+
+<iframe src="https://myhub.autodesk360.com/ue2cf184b/shares/public/SH9285eQTcf875d3c539feb2bfae6da3d872?mode=embed"
+    width="100%" height="600" allowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0"></iframe>
+
+<iframe src="https://myhub.autodesk360.com/ue2cf184b/shares/public/SH9285eQTcf875d3c53974bf27fea6ee1a20?mode=embed"
+    width="100%" height="600" allowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0"></iframe>
+
+<iframe src="https://myhub.autodesk360.com/ue2cf184b/shares/public/SH9285eQTcf875d3c539ed795f9645d8b981?mode=embed"
+    width="100%" height="600" allowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0"></iframe>
+
+<iframe src="https://myhub.autodesk360.com/ue2cf184b/shares/public/SH9285eQTcf875d3c539bc7225ced67e5e92?mode=embed"
+    width="100%" height="600" allowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0"></iframe>
+
+<iframe src="https://myhub.autodesk360.com/ue2cf184b/shares/public/SH9285eQTcf875d3c5397f64c69f2093b1b5?mode=embed"
+    width="100%" height="600" allowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0"></iframe>
+
+<iframe src="https://myhub.autodesk360.com/ue2cf184b/shares/public/SH9285eQTcf875d3c539e8166aea2f430aed?mode=embed"
+    width="100%" height="600" allowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0"></iframe>
+
+{{ image(url="/images/breast_candle.jpg", alt="Eine Kerze aus einem 3D-Scan, gefunden auf <https://hiddenbeauty.ch/>", pixels=true, start=true) }}
+
+Mehr meiner fertigen Designs findest du in der **Printables Community** (früher Prusaprinters):
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://www.printables.com/social/97957-arontaupe/models">Mein Printables-Profil</a>
+</div>
+
+{{ image(url="/images/vulva_candle.jpg", alt="Eine Kerze, erstellt mit einer 3D-gedruckten Form aus Fusion360", pixels=true, start=true) }}
+
+## 3D-Scannen und Photogrammetrie
+
+Neben dem Entwerfen neuer Objekte interessiert mich auch die Integration der **realen Welt** in meine Arbeit.
+
+### Interaktion mit realen Objekten und Umgebungen
+
+In den letzten Jahren habe ich mit verschiedenen Smartphone-Kameras experimentiert – leider waren meine Scans meist nicht präzise genug, um wirklich etwas damit anzufangen.  
+Ein professioneller 3D-Scanner war zu teuer, also bastelte ich mir eine Kombination aus einer **Raspberry-Pi-Kamera** und einem günstigen **TOF-Sensor**.  
+Das Setup ist simpel, aber bei weitem nicht so genau wie Laser- oder LiDAR-Sensoren. Dann brachte Apple die ersten Geräte mit **zugänglichem LiDAR** heraus.
+
+Durch meine Arbeit an der Universität hatte ich schließlich Zugriff auf ein Gerät mit LiDAR und begann, damit zu experimentieren.  
+Ein paar Beispiele siehst du hier:
+
+<div class="sketchfab-embed-wrapper"> <iframe title="DigiLab Hauptraum" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; xr-spatial-tracking" xr-spatial-tracking execution-while-out-of-viewport execution-while-not-rendered web-share width="800" height="600" src="https://sketchfab.com/models/c880892c6b4746bc80717be1f81bf169/embed?ui_theme=dark&dnt=1"> </iframe> </div>
+
+<div class="sketchfab-embed-wrapper"> <iframe title="VR-Raum DigiLab" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; xr-spatial-tracking" xr-spatial-tracking execution-while-out-of-viewport execution-while-not-rendered web-share width="800" height="600" src="https://sketchfab.com/models/144b63002d004fb8ab478316e573da2e/embed?ui_theme=dark&dnt=1"> </iframe> </div>
+
+Der letzte Scan hier wurde nur mit einer **Smartphone-Kamera** erstellt.  
+Man erkennt deutlich, dass die Qualität geringer ist, aber angesichts der einfachen Technik finde ich das Ergebnis beeindruckend –  
+und es zeigt, wie sehr solche Technologien gerade **demokratisiert** werden.
+
+<div class="sketchfab-embed-wrapper"> <iframe title="Digitallabor UOS" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; xr-spatial-tracking" xr-spatial-tracking execution-while-out-of-viewport execution-while-not-rendered web-share width="800" height="600" src="https://sketchfab.com/models/2f5cff5b08d243f2b2ceb94d788b9cd6/embed?ui_theme=dark&dnt=1"> </iframe> </div>
+
+## Perspektive
+
+Was dieser Abschnitt zeigen soll: Ich bin beim Thema **CAD** noch nicht da, wo ich gerne wäre.  
+Ich fühle mich sicher genug, um kleine Reparaturen im Alltag anzugehen,  
+aber beim **Konstruieren komplexer Bauteilgruppen**, die zusammen funktionieren müssen, fehlt mir noch technisches Know-how.  
+Viele meiner Projekte sind halbfertig – einer der Hauptgründe ist der **Mangel an fachlichem Austausch** in meinem Umfeld.
+
+Ich möchte mehr als nur Figuren oder Wearables gestalten.  
+Ich möchte den **3D-Druck als Werkzeugerweiterung** nutzen –  
+für mechanische oder elektrische Anwendungen, lebensmittelechte Objekte, oder einfach Dinge, die begeistern.  
+Ich liebe die Idee, ein **Baukastensystem** zu entwickeln.  
+Inspiriert von [Makeways auf Kickstarter](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/makeway/makeway-create-intricate-courses-watch-your-marbles-soar) habe ich bereits angefangen, eigene Teile zu entwerfen.
+
+Ein Traum von mir ist eine **eigene 3D-gedruckte Kaffeetasse**, die sowohl **spülmaschinenfest als auch lebensmittelecht** ist.  
+Dafür müsste ich viel Materialforschung betreiben – aber genau das macht es spannend.  
+Ich möchte ein Material finden, das **Abfälle** einbezieht, um weniger von **fossilen Kunststoffen** abhängig zu sein.  
+In Berlin möchte ich mich mit den Leuten von [Kaffeform](https://www.kaffeeform.com/de/) austauschen, die **kompostierbare Becher** aus gebrauchten Espressoresten herstellen (wenn auch per Spritzgussverfahren).
+
+Die Hersteller von **Komposit-Filamenten** sind bei der Beimischung nicht-plastischer Stoffe sehr vorsichtig,  
+weil der **Extrusionsprozess** durch Düsen leicht fehleranfällig ist.  
+Trotzdem glaube ich, dass gerade in diesem Bereich noch viel Potenzial steckt – besonders mit **Pelletdruckern**.
+
+Große Teile meiner Auseinandersetzung mit **lokalem Recycling** verdanke ich den großartigen Leuten von [Precious Plastic](https://preciousplastic.com), deren Open-Source-Designs mich sehr inspiriert haben.  
+Ich finde es schwer, über CAD zu schreiben, ohne gleichzeitig über den **Herstellungsprozess** zu sprechen –  
+und ich halte das für etwas Gutes.  
+Design und Umsetzung gehören für mich zusammen.
+
+Um noch sicherer zu werden, möchte ich mich stärker auf **organische Formen** konzentrieren.  
+Deshalb will ich tiefer in **Blender** einsteigen – ein großartiges Tool, das viel zu mächtig ist, um es nur über YouTube zu lernen.
+
+## Software, die ich nutze und mag
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://alicevision.org/#meshroom">AliceVision Meshroom</a>
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://scaniverse.com/">Scaniverse</a>
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://sketchfab.com/arontaupe">Mein Sketchfab-Profil</a>
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lvonasek.arcore3dscanner&hl=de&gl=DE">3D Live Scanner für Android</a>
+</div>

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2018-07-05-cad/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
++++
+title = "3D Modeling and CAD"
+date = 2018-07-05
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Modelling and Scanning in 3D using Fusion360, Sketchfab, and Photogrammetry"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "3d printing",
+  "functional design",
+  "fusion360",
+  "parametric modelling",
+  "photogrammetry",
+  "polycam",
+  "private",
+  "scaniverse",
+  "sketchfab",
+  "university of osnabrück",
+  "virtual reality",
+  "work",
+]
+[extra]
+banner = "render_bike_holder.png"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## 3D Modeling and CAD
+
+### Designing 3D Objects
+
+While learning about 3D printing, I was most intrigued by the possibility of modifying and repairing existing products. While there’s an amazing community with many good and free models available, I naturally reached a point where I couldn’t find what I was looking for already designed. I realized that this is an essential skill for effectively operating not just 3D printers, but really any kind of productive machine.
+
+Since YouTube was where I learned everything about 3D printing, and all the people I looked up to there were using Fusion 360 as their CAD program, that’s what I got into.
+In hindsight, it was a pretty good choice — I fell in love with the possibilities that parametric design gives me.
+Below you’ll find some of my designs.
+The process is something I deeply enjoy and want to explore even more.
+
+Through trial and error, I’ve already learned a lot about designing specifically for 3D printing. But I often feel that I lack a deeper understanding of aesthetic considerations in design.
+I want to broaden my general ability to design physical objects, something I hope to gain during my master’s.
+
+<iframe src="https://myhub.autodesk360.com/ue2cf184b/shares/public/SH9285eQTcf875d3c539feb2bfae6da3d872?mode=embed"
+    width="100%" height="600" allowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0"></iframe>
+
+<iframe src="https://myhub.autodesk360.com/ue2cf184b/shares/public/SH9285eQTcf875d3c53974bf27fea6ee1a20?mode=embed"
+    width="100%" height="600" allowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0"></iframe>
+
+<iframe src="https://myhub.autodesk360.com/ue2cf184b/shares/public/SH9285eQTcf875d3c539ed795f9645d8b981?mode=embed"
+    width="100%" height="600" allowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0"></iframe>
+
+<iframe src="https://myhub.autodesk360.com/ue2cf184b/shares/public/SH9285eQTcf875d3c539bc7225ced67e5e92?mode=embed"
+    width="100%" height="600" allowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0"></iframe>
+
+<iframe src="https://myhub.autodesk360.com/ue2cf184b/shares/public/SH9285eQTcf875d3c5397f64c69f2093b1b5?mode=embed"
+    width="100%" height="600" allowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0"></iframe>
+
+<iframe src="https://myhub.autodesk360.com/ue2cf184b/shares/public/SH9285eQTcf875d3c539e8166aea2f430aed?mode=embed"
+    width="100%" height="600" allowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0"></iframe>
+
+{{ image(url="/images/breast_candle.jpg", alt="A candle made of a 3D scan, found on <https://hiddenbeauty.ch/>", pixels=true, start=true) }}
+
+Check out more of my finished designs in the Prusaprinters (now Printables) Community
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://www.printables.com/social/97957-arontaupe/models">My Printables Profile</a>
+</div>
+
+{{ image(url="/images/vulva_candle.jpg", alt="A candle created with a 3D printed mold made in Fusion360", pixels=true, start=true) }}
+
+## 3D Scanning and Photogrammetry
+
+Besides coming up with new objects, incorporating the real world is also an interest of mine.
+
+### Interaction with real objects and environments
+
+In the last few years, I played around with a few smartphone cameras and was always quite sad that my scans were never accurate enough to do cool stuff with them.
+I couldn’t really afford a proper 3D scanner and had already started cobbling together a Raspberry Pi camera with a cheap TOF sensor.
+That setup is simple, but not nearly as precise as a laser or LiDAR sensor. Then Apple released the first phones with accessible LiDAR sensors.
+
+Recently, through work at the university, I got access to a device with a LiDAR sensor and started having fun with it.
+See some examples here:
+
+<div class="sketchfab-embed-wrapper"> <iframe title="DigiLab Main Room" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; xr-spatial-tracking" xr-spatial-tracking execution-while-out-of-viewport execution-while-not-rendered web-share width="800" height="600" src="https://sketchfab.com/models/c880892c6b4746bc80717be1f81bf169/embed?ui_theme=dark&dnt=1"> </iframe> </div>
+
+<div class="sketchfab-embed-wrapper"> <iframe title="VR Room DigiLab" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; xr-spatial-tracking" xr-spatial-tracking execution-while-out-of-viewport execution-while-not-rendered web-share width="800" height="600" src="https://sketchfab.com/models/144b63002d004fb8ab478316e573da2e/embed?ui_theme=dark&dnt=1"> </iframe> </div>
+
+This last one was scanned with just my smartphone camera. You can see that the quality is notably worse, but considering it was created with just a single, run-of-the-mill smartphone sensor, I think it’s still pretty impressive — and will certainly help democratize such technologies and capabilities.
+
+<div class="sketchfab-embed-wrapper"> <iframe title="Digitallabor UOS" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; xr-spatial-tracking" xr-spatial-tracking execution-while-out-of-viewport execution-while-not-rendered web-share width="800" height="600" src="https://sketchfab.com/models/2f5cff5b08d243f2b2ceb94d788b9cd6/embed?ui_theme=dark&dnt=1"> </iframe> </div>
+
+## Perspective
+
+What this section is supposed to deliver is the message that I am currently not where I want to be when navigating the vast possibilities of CAD.
+I feel confident enough to approach small repairs around the flat with a new perspective, but I still lack technical expertise when it comes to designing collections of composite parts that have to function together. I still have lots of projects half-done or half-thought — and one major reason is the lack of critical exchange within my field of study.
+
+I want more than designing figurines or wearables.
+I want to incorporate 3D printing as a method to extend the abilities of other tools — to serve mechanical or electrical purposes, be food-safe and engaging.
+I fell in love with the idea of designing a toy system. Inspired by [Makeways on Kickstarter](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/makeway/makeway-create-intricate-courses-watch-your-marbles-soar), I’ve already started adding my own parts to their set.
+
+I dream of my very own 3D printed coffee cup — one that is both food-safe and dishwasher-safe.
+For that, I’d have to do quite a bit of material research, but that only makes the idea more appealing.
+I’d love to find a material composition incorporating waste, to stop relying on plastics — or at least on fossil-based ones.
+Once in Berlin, I want to connect with the people at [Kaffeform](https://www.kaffeeform.com/en/), who produce largely compostable coffee cups incorporating a significant amount of used espresso grounds (albeit using injection molding).
+
+The industry selling composite filaments is much more conservative with the percentage of non-plastic additives, because a nozzle extrusion process is much more error-prone.
+Still, I would love to explore that avenue further and think there’s a lot to be gained from looking at pellet printers.
+
+I also credit huge parts of my exploration into local recycling to the awesome people at [Precious Plastic](https://preciousplastic.com), whose open source designs helped me out a lot.
+I find it hard to write anything about CAD without connecting it directly to a manufacturing process.
+And I believe that’s a good thing. Always tying a design process to its realization grounds the process and gives it a certain immediacy.
+
+To become more confident in this process, I still need more expertise in designing organic shapes.
+That’s why I’d love to dive deeper into Blender — an awesome tool that in my mind is far too powerful to learn solely through YouTube lessons.
+
+## Software that I have used and like
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://alicevision.org/#meshroom">AliceVision Meshroom</a>
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://scaniverse.com/">Scaniverse</a>
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://sketchfab.com/arontaupe">My Sketchfab Profile</a>
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lvonasek.arcore3dscanner&hl=en&gl=US">3D Live Scanner for Android</a>
+</div>

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2018-09-01-beacon/index.de.md

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
++++
+
+title = "BEACON"  
+date = 2018-09-01  
+updated = 2022-03-05  
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]  
+description = "Dezentralisierung des Stromnetzes in unzugänglichen und abgelegenen Regionen"  
+
+[taxonomies]  
+tags = [
+  "data",
+  "data visualization",
+  "democratic",
+  "energy",
+  "engineering",
+  "india",
+  "python",
+  "research",
+  "design",
+  "simulation",
+  "university of osnabrück",
+  "decentralized",
+]  
+
+[extra]  
+banner = "india_key_monastery.jpg"  
+show_copyright = true  
+show_shares = true  
+
++++
+
+## BEACON: Dezentralisierung des Stromnetzes in unzugänglichen und abgelegenen Regionen  
+
+Zugang zu Elektrizität ist ein grundlegendes Menschenrecht. Das mag zunächst übertrieben klingen, doch wenn man bedenkt, wie viele kleine Aufgaben der Strom uns indirekt abnimmt – Licht, Wäsche, Kochen, Kühlen, Heizen, Unterhaltung – wird schnell klar, wie viel Zeit und Aufwand ohne Elektrizität nötig wäre. Weltweit leben etwa **eine Milliarde Menschen** ohne Zugang zu Strom auf dem sogenannten Tier-2-Level.  
+
+[SDGS Ziel 7](https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal7)  
+
+![Die von der UN definierten Elektrizitätsstufen](/assets/images/electricity_tiers.png)  
+
+Menschen erkennen erst dann, wie viel Arbeit in alltäglichen Dingen steckt, wenn sie keinen Strom haben. Doch es geht dabei nicht nur um Bequemlichkeit – Elektrizität rettet Leben: Krankenhäuser, Telekommunikation, Kühlung von Medikamenten – all das hängt davon ab.  
+Warum also sind immer noch so viele Menschen unterversorgt?  
+**Die Antwort: fehlende Rentabilität.** Es wäre ein wohltätiges, aber kein profitables Projekt, jede Person auf der Welt zu versorgen. Doch was, wenn wir eine Struktur finden könnten, die **wirtschaftlich tragfähig** ist und sich gleichzeitig an schwierige Bedingungen (Wetter, Abgeschiedenheit, Höhenlage) sowie an kleinere Einkommen anpassen kann?  
+
+### Standort  
+
+Ende 2018 verbrachte ich vier Monate im Norden Indiens – im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts mit dem **IIT Kharagpur**.  
+Das Ziel: an einem der 17 von der UN definierten nachhaltigen Entwicklungsziele zu arbeiten – Elektrizität.  
+
+Weltweit haben schätzungsweise **eine Milliarde Menschen** keinen oder nur unzureichenden Zugang zum Stromnetz.  
+Einige davon leben hier – im **Key-Kloster** im Spiti-Tal, auf etwa 3500 Metern Höhe.  
+
+![key monastery](/images/india_key_monastery.jpg)  
+
+<iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d843.1304298825468!2d78.01154047393467!3d32.2978346!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x3906a673e168749b%3A0xf011101a0f02588b!2sKey%20Gompa%20(Key%20Monastery)!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sde!4v1647009764190!5m2!1sen!2sde" width="500" height="500" style="border:0;" allowfullscreen="true" loading="lazy"></iframe>  
+
+![tashi gang](/images/tashi_gang.jpg)  
+
+Das ist **Tashi Gang**, ein Dorf nahe des Klosters. Es beherbergt rund 50 Menschen und ist nur drei bis vier Monate im Sommer über eine Straße erreichbar. Den Rest des Jahres sind die Bewohner auf Hubschrauber-Erste-Hilfe angewiesen – erreichbar nur über einen funktionierenden Mobilfunkturm.  
+
+<iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3389.4081271053687!2d78.67430271521093!3d31.841107638419718!..." width="500" height="500" style="border:0;" allowfullscreen="true" loading="lazy"></iframe>  
+
+## Das Projekt  
+
+In einer Umgebung, die auf Wasser- und Sonnenenergie angewiesen ist, mit über sechs Monaten Schnee, häufigen Schneestürmen und Temperaturen bis zu –35 °C, ist die Netzsicherung schwierig.  
+
+Unser Ansatz war es, die im Westen etablierte Vorstellung von Elektrizität als homogenes, zentral erzeugtes Produkt zu hinterfragen und stattdessen die Möglichkeiten eines **prädiktiven, sich selbst korrigierenden und dezentralen Netzes** zu erforschen.  
+
+Anstatt bei einem Sturm einen kompletten Blackout zu riskieren, könnten bei einer Priorisierung der Energieverwendung wichtige Funktionen – etwa Radiotürme oder Krankenhäuser – teilweise weiterbetrieben werden. Die Binarität von Strom / kein Strom würde durch ein System von **Zuteilungen nach Bedarf und Zeitfenstern** ersetzt.  
+Langfristig war die Vision ein **lokaler, prädiktiver Strommarkt**, bei dem Menschen überschüssige Energie verkaufen können.  
+
+Zur Machbarkeitsprüfung führte ich psychologische Akzeptanzstudien durch und sammelte Daten zum lokalen Stromverbrauch. Anschließend simulierte ich einen typischen Strombedarfstag im Key-Kloster und in den umliegenden Dörfern und entwickelte Konzepte für kostengünstige **Smart-Microgrid-Controller**.  
+
+Die hier in Deutschland verfügbaren Netzsteuerboxen kosten mehrere Hundert bis Tausend Euro – keine realistische Lösung für die Bevölkerung vor Ort. Stattdessen planten wir **Raspberry Pi-basierte Systeme**, vernetzt über Ethernet oder lokale Mesh-Netze.  
+
+## Forschung  
+
+![Das Stromnetz des Key-Klosters](/images/Key_Monastery_Spiti.png)  
+
+## Datenerhebung  
+
+Durch den Besuch öffentlicher Schulen im Englischunterricht konnte ich mit Jugendlichen über den Stromzustand in ihren Haushalten sprechen und umfangreiche Daten erheben. Insgesamt nahmen **145 Teilnehmer aus über sechs Schulen** in etwa **vier Distrikten** teil – alle im indischen Himalaya.  
+
+Der Altersdurchschnitt lag bei 17 Jahren. Durchschnittlich leben 6 Personen pro Haushalt mit etwa 5 Smart-Geräten. Nur 2 % der Haushalte hatten gar keine, 42 % verfügten über Computer oder Laptops.  
+
+> Durchschnittliche Stromqualität (1 – 10):  
+> Sommer: 7,1 Monsun: 5,6 Herbst: 7,1 Winter: 4,0  
+
+Im Winter oder bei Regen sinkt die Qualität also deutlich – um über 30 %.  
+Im Durchschnitt haben Haushalte **15,1 Stunden Strom pro Tag** (≈ 63 %). Einige Regionen, wie Diskit, nur rund 4 Stunden.  
+
+Etwa 95 % der Haushalte besitzen funktionierende Stromzähler.  
+
+Ein weiteres Ziel war herauszufinden, **was Menschen dazu bewegt, Strom zu teilen oder zu verschieben**.  
+Ohne zusätzliche Information lag die Bereitschaft zur Verzögerung des Verbrauchs bei 5,5 / 10 – mit Aussicht auf Kostenvorteile stieg sie auf 6,9.  
+
+## Simulation  
+
+Basierend auf den Daten simulierte ich den Einsatz von **200 Solarmodulen à 300 Wp**, einmal mit und einmal ohne intelligente Laststeuerung.  
+
+![SAM Simulation eines lokalen Solarsystems](/images/sam_sim.png)  
+![SAM Simulation Optimiert](/images/sam_sim_opt.png)  
+
+Auch wenn Solar nicht optimal ist – vor allem wegen Kälte und Batterielagerung – zeigte sich, dass **intelligente Lastverteilung** den nutzbaren Ertrag im Winter von einem Fünftel auf etwa die Hälfte steigern kann.  
+
+## Schlusswort  
+
+Das Problem lässt sich aus zwei Richtungen angehen:  
+1. **Produktion erhöhen** – mehr Module, mehr Energiequellen.  
+2. **Verbrauch senken** – effizientere Geräte, gemeinschaftliche Nutzung.  
+
+Das Konzept des **Teilens und Verzögerns** ist zentral. Wie bei einem gemeinschaftlich genutzten Brunnen kann auch Strom gemeinschaftlich erzeugt und genutzt werden.  
+Gemeinsam beheizte Räume oder öffentliche Projekträume sparen Energie und fördern Gemeinschaft.  
+
+Leider wurde das Projekt nie weitergeführt, und die Situation im Spiti-Tal hat sich kaum verbessert. Eine neue Bergstraße gibt Hoffnung auf mehr Tourismus – und damit auf wirtschaftlich tragfähige Lösungen.  
+
+Ich selbst war als Forschungspraktikant beteiligt, ohne Einfluss auf die Umsetzung. Dennoch bin ich überzeugt, dass **dezentrale Lösungen** der richtige Weg sind – gerade für extreme Regionen wie den Himalaya.  
+Denn eines bleibt wahr: **Elektrizität ist ein Menschenrecht.**

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2018-09-01-beacon/index.md

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++++
+title = "BEACON"
+date = 2018-09-01
+updated = 2022-03-05
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Decentralizing the Energy Grid in inaccessible and remote regions"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "data",
+  "data visualization",
+  "democratic",
+  "energy",
+  "engineering",
+  "india",
+  "python",
+  "research",
+  "design",
+  "simulation",
+  "university of osnabrück",
+  "decentralized",
+]
+
+[extra]
+banner =  "india_key_monastery.jpg"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
+
++++
+## BEACON: Decentralizing the Energy Grid in inaccessible and remote regions
+
+Access to Electricity is a basic human right. At first, that may seem over the top, but if one stops to think what all the little tasks that electricity can indirectly handle for us (lightning, laundry, cooking, freezing, heating, entertaining…) would consume in time and effort if we had to perform them manually, this idea becomes very clear. There are globally around 1 billion people without tier 2 access to electricity.
+
+[SDGS Goal 7](https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal7)
+
+![The electricity tiers defined by the UN](/assets/images/electricity_tiers.png)
+
+People only know the intensity of labor that goes into everything when there is no electricity. And it is not even only about convenience, electricity is an enormous lifesaver in any number of scenarios, think just of hospitals or mobile phone networks that would be rendered completely useless without it. So we can easily agree on a need, a demand for electricity globally, for every person. But what about the supply? Why is there 1 billion undersupplied?
+The Answer: missing profitability. It would be a charity project to supply every last person on earth, not a profitable one.  And while charitable projects are noble and should be pursued, the reality within capitalism shows that this is not the way it is going to happen.
+But what if we could come up with technology, or rather, a communal structure, that enables us to supply profitably, and still adapt to both, the difficult external factors (weather issues, remoteness, altitude, etc.) and the smaller purses of the undersupplied?
+
+### Location
+
+Towards the end of 2018, I spent 4 months in northern India, on a research project with the IIT Kharagpur.
+The goal was to work on one of the 17 UN-defined sustainable development goals – electricity.
+
+Worldwide, an estimated 1 billion people have no or insubstantial access to the grid.
+Some of them live here, in the Key Monastery in the Spiti Valley at around 3500 meters altitude.
+
+![key monastery](/images/india_key_monastery.jpg)
+
+<iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d843.1304298825468!2d78.01154047393467!3d32.2978346!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x3906a673e168749b%3A0xf011101a0f02588b!2sKey%20Gompa%20(Key%20Monastery)!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sde!4v1647009764190!5m2!1sen!2sde" width="500" height="500" style="border:0;" allowfullscreen="true" loading="lazy"></iframe>
+
+![tashi gang](/images/tashi_gang.jpg)
+
+This is Tashi Gang, a village close to the Monastery. It houses around 50 people and only has road access during 3-4 months in the summer. For the rest of the time, the people rely on first aid services by helicopter, which can only be called with a working cell phone tower.
+
+<iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3389.4081271053687!2d78.67430271521093!3d31.841107638419718!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x3907aaa3ac472219%3A0x5c4b39e454beed3c!2sTashigang%20172112!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sde!4v1647009910307!5m2!1sen!2sde" width="500" height="500" style="border:0;" allowfullscreen="true" loading="lazy"></iframe>
+
+## The Project
+
+In an environment reliant on hydro-energy and solar (diesel transport is unreliable due to snowed-in mountain roads), over 6 months of snowy winter, frequent snowstorms, and temperatures of up to -35°C, securing the grid is hard.
+
+Our way to tackle the issue was to reject the in the western society very established notion of electricity as a homogenous product with centralized production and instead researched the possibilities of a predictive, self-correcting, and decentral grid.
+
+By prioritizing energy usage cases, instead of a full blackout during a storm, essential functions like radio towers and hospitals could be partially powered and maybe stay functioning. The binarity of either having electricity or not would be replaced by assigned quantities and timeslots, in a collective effort to be mindful and distribute the electricity necessity-based.
+The ultimate vision was a live predictive electricity market, where people could even earn money by selling their allotted, but not needed electricity.
+To gauge feasibility, I conducted several psychological acceptance studies and collected data on local electricity demands.
+I simulated a typical day of electricity demand in the Key monastery and the surrounding villages and mapped out the potential to install cost-efficient smart microgrid controllers enabling such an accurate and predictive behavior.
+The smart grid operator boxes available here in Germany cost several hundred, with installation several thousand Euros, not a feasible solution for the Indian population. Instead, we wanted to use Raspberry Pi's, which are interconnected through ethernet cables or local mesh networking.
+
+## Research
+
+![The Electricity layout of the Key Monastery](/images/Key_Monastery_Spiti.png)
+
+## Data Collection
+
+Building a questionnaire and visiting public schools during their English Classes, I had the chance to speak to a range of teenagers, answering questions about the state of electricity in their homes, generating more data than I could have accomplished running from door to door without any skills speaking local dialects. The questionnaire was as scientific as I could make it in such a situation and geared towards finding the type and number of electric devices in the homes and estimating typical usage scenarios.
+
+With a total of 145 participants from more than 6 different schools and roughly 4 different districts, all located in the Indian part of the Himalayas, the findings are as follows:
+
+The participants range from 11 to 53 years, with an average of 17 years.
+The average household has 6 members with an average of 5 smart devices. Only 2 percent of the Households had not a single smart device, but at the same time, only 42 percent had direct or indirect access to a laptop or computer. So the main body of smart devices consists of smartphones with a negligible portion of tablets.
+The average total amount of electrical devices is around 11 electrical appliances per house.
+
+**Subjective** Quality Rating on a scale of 1 to 10:
+> Average quality in summer:  7.1
+> Average quality in monsoon: 5.6
+> Average quality in autumn:  7.1
+> Average quality in winter:  4.0
+
+So, as you would expect, during winter, but also when it rains, the felt quality drops by more than 30 percent on average.
+As for the daily supply time, the average sits at 15.1 hours out of 24, meaning the people have electricity only for 62.9 percent of the time, some, as for example the people in Diskit only have a sad 4 hours of daily access. On top of that, this estimation does not account for the snowfalls in Spiti for example, where it is not uncommon to experience 3 consecutive days of powercut or more.
+As the Power Meter is supplied by the government, a solid 82 percent of the houses have a working power meter, if one assumes that the 13 percent who did not know whether they have a power meter, do have one, we can say that around 95% of the houses have a power meter.
+
+Another goal of the studies was to find out what would incline people to be caring and sharing with the available electricity, something rather unimaginable here in Germany.
+
+In general, the uninformed openness to delaying usage of electricity on a scale of 1-10 was around 5.5, with the additional information that a smart delay would cause an overall price reduction, the acceptance went up to 6.9, a good 14%. This implies that people would be a lot more inclined to give up conveniences if the benefits have a direct impact on them.
+
+## Simulation
+
+After collecting all the estimated electric appliances of the local population, I simulated the use of 200 Solar Panels with 300Wp each, once for simultaneous electricity use, and once for mitigated electricity peaks through smart optimization and electricity usage delay.
+![SAM Simulation of a local solar system ](/images/sam_sim.png)
+![SAM Simulation Optimized](/images/sam_sim_opt.png)
+
+Although solar is definitely not the optimal choice here and generates lots of issues with energy storage and battery charging at negative degrees, we figured that this was the way to go for the project.
+And as you can see, optimizing peak usage can improve solar from generating only one-fifth of the demand in winter to about half the demand in winter. Keeping in mind here, that the added solar farm was only intended to supply additional energy and not replace existing solutions, such a "small" farm would be a real lifesaver there and optimize the limited space in extremely mountainous terrain.
+
+## Closing words
+
+There are to sides which the problems can be tackled: we can bring the total energy production up, by adding more panels or electricity by other means, but we can also try and bring the total demand down. This is to be achieved by investing strictly in the most energy-efficient appliances. Even replacing older, not-so-efficient appliances might sometimes be of use.
+But ensuring efficient use is not the only way to bring down the overall demand.
+
+As introduced as core ideas for the whole project, sharing and delaying will prove immensely useful. How so?
+By sharing, we mean a concept that is already widely applied in the relevant areas. What to do in a Village that has no access to water? Will we send each household out to the faraway river to catch water for their family? Or would we join hands in a community effort to dig a central well used by everyone?
+
+So, when we look at sharing electricity, how would we apply the concept? We take the appliances that consume the most energy individually and scale them up in order to increase efficiency. For example, in our case, that is most applicable to electric heating. If we manage to heat central community spaces available for everyone, naturally, fewer individual rooms will have to be heated. Similarly, one could declare a room as a public cinema, where people come together and watch Tv on a big Projector. Twice as fun, and conserving a great deal of energy again. Such ideas and others have to be realized in order to be able to match the total demand with the available supply.
+
+Sadly, the project was never taken up further, and the situation for the people in the Spiti Valley has not improved. Two years ago, a road directly through the mountains was finished, making the population hopeful for an increase in tourism, increasing the chances of the economic viability of improved solutions.
+I spent my time there in the function of a research intern, having no real say in the realization of the project. The problem remains, and I still think that decentral solutions look to be the most promising for this specific location. Of course, the Himalayas present a bit of an extreme location, but that doesn't change the fact that people live there and have a basic human right to electricity.

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2019-03-19-plastic-recycling/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Plastic Recycling"  
+date = 2019-03-19  
+updated = 2025-04-15  
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]  
+description = "Ein Recyclingsystem inspiriert von Precious Plastic, Filastruder und Machine Learning"  
+
+[taxonomies]  
+tags = [
+  "3d printing",
+  "arduino",
+  "linux",
+  "automation",
+  "sustainability",
+  "decentralized",
+  "democratic",
+  "environment",
+  "thesis",
+  "machine learning",
+  "plastics",
+  "recycling",
+  "private",
+]  
+
+[extra]  
+banner = "recycling_graphic.png"  
+show_copyright = true  
+show_shares = true  
+
++++
+
+Als 3D-Druck-Enthusiast sehe ich mich regelmäßig mit dem Thema Nachhaltigkeit konfrontiert.  
+Die meisten 3D-gedruckten Teile werden nie recycelt und tragen eher zum globalen Müllproblem bei, als es zu reduzieren.  
+Das Problem liegt weniger beim Drucker selbst als bei der **dimensionalen Genauigkeit** und der **Reinheit des Materials**. Dies führt zu einer riesigen Industrie, insbesondere in Deutschland, die enorme Mengen an **Neukunststoff** verbraucht.  
+
+### Was kann man tun?  
+
+Wir können Produkte langlebiger gestalten, Recycling-Labels aufdrucken und nur funktionale Objekte drucken. Dennoch verhindert dies nicht die Nutzung von Neukunststoffen. Recycelter Filament ist oft doppelt so teuer bei schlechterer Qualität – kein Wunder, dass er kaum Verbreitung findet.  
+
+{{ youtube(id="vqWwUx8l_Io") }}  
+
+Das Kernproblem ist die **fehlende wirtschaftliche Machbarkeit** eines echten Recyclings. Das exakte Identifizieren von Kunststoffarten ist extrem schwierig und noch ungelöst. Es gibt Bereitschaft zu recyceln, aber das System fehlt.  
+
+# Der Masterplan  
+
+Ich möchte Menschen motivieren, ihren Müll **zu waschen und zu sortieren**, die teuersten Schritte im Recyclingprozess. Selbst kleine Beiträge, wie meine Mutter, die Flaschendeckel sammelt, sind wertvoll.  
+Dies funktioniert nur in einem **lokalen, dezentralen Umfeld**. Existierende Recyclinganlagen können nicht 200 verschiedene Kunststoffarten trennen.  
+
+Mit sauberem, sortiertem Material – etwa Flaschendeckel (HDPE) oder fehlerhafte Drucke (PET-G) – starte ich bereits im Vorteil. Jetzt müssen die Teile noch in **gleichmäßige Partikel** zerkleinert werden.  
+
+## Der Shredder  
+
+Wir bauten den **Precious Plastic Shredder**!  
+
+<iframe width="510" height="682" src="https://b2b.partcommunity.com/community/partcloud/embedded.html?route=embedded&name=Shredder+Basic+V2.0&model_id=96649&portal=b2b&showDescription=true&showLicense=false&showDownloadButton=false&showHotspots=true&noAutoload=false&autoRotate=true&hideMenu=false&topColor=%23dde7ed&bottomColor=%23ffffff&cameraParams=false&varsettransfer=" frameborder="0" id="EmbeddedView-Iframe-96649" allowfullscreen></iframe>  
+
+Mit diesen Open-Source-Zeichnungen konnte ich meinen eigenen, sehr gefährlichen Kunststoff-Shredder zusammenbauen.  
+Die Motorisierung übernahm ein alter Gartenschredder, der Motor und Verkabelung intakt hatte. Wir schnitten ihn auseinander und befestigten ihn am Shredder.  
+
+{{ youtube(id="QwVp1zmAA4Q") }}  
+
+Nach Austausch der schwachen Kraftübertragungsschraube gegen einen Industrie-Kuppler waren wir startklar. Sicherheit bleibt ein Thema, ein richtiger Trichter ist in Arbeit.  
+
+## Der Filastruder  
+
+Der **Filastruder**, entworfen von Tim Elmore, bietet eine kostengünstige Möglichkeit, Filament zu extrudieren.  
+Die größten Herausforderungen: **präzise Durchmesserkontrolle** ±0,03 mm, sonst schwankt die Qualität.  
+
+Motor presst Kunststoffpellets durch eine beheizte Schraube, am Ende wird durch die Düse extrudiert und der Durchmesser eingestellt. Links wickelt die Maschine das Filament auf eine Spule.  
+
+{{ youtube(id="FX6--pYrPVs") }}  
+
+Der Filastruder wird von einem **Arduino gesteuert** und ist hoch konfigurierbar. Ein Lasersensor misst den Filamentdurchmesser.  
+
+### Machine Learning für optimale Filamentqualität  
+
+Wichtige Variablen: Wickelgeschwindigkeit, Extrusionsgeschwindigkeit, Temperatur, Kühlung.  
+Diese Variablen können **in Echtzeit optimiert** werden – ähnlich wie in kommerziellen Anlagen.  
+
+![Die Variablen in einer iterativen Optimierung](/assets/images/recycling_variables.png)  
+
+Automatisierung ist nicht nur ein Jobkiller, sondern kann Umweltprobleme lösen.  
+
+Dieses Projekt liegt mir sehr am Herzen und wird Teil meiner **Masterarbeit** sein.  
+Die Umsetzung erfordert viele Skills, die ich im Design & Computation Programm lerne oder noch vertiefe.  
+
+<div class="buttons">  
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://reflowfilament.com/">Reflow Filament</a>  
+</div>  
+
+<div class="buttons">  
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://www.perpetualplasticproject.com/">Perpetual Plastic Project</a>  
+</div>  
+
+<div class="buttons">  
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://preciousplastic.com/">Precious Plastic Community</a>  
+</div>  
+
+<div class="buttons">  
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://www.filamentive.com/recycling-failed-and-waste-3d-prints-into-filament-challenges/">Filamentive Statement zur Recycling-Herausforderung</a>  
+</div>  
+
+<div class="buttons">  
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://www.youmagine.com/designs/infidel-inline-filament-diameter-estimator-lowcost-10-24">Open Source Filament-Durchmesser-Sensor von Tomas Sanladerer</a>  
+</div>  
+
+<div class="buttons">  
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://re-pet3d.com/s">Re-Pet Shop</a>  
+</div>

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2019-03-19-plastic-recycling/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
++++
+title = "Plastic Recycling"
+date = 2019-03-19
+updated = 2025-04-15
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "A recycling system inspired by Precious Plastic, Filastruder, and Machine Learning"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "3d printing",
+  "arduino",
+  "linux",
+  "automation",
+  "sustainability",
+  "decentralized",
+  "democratic",
+  "environment",
+  "thesis",
+  "machine learning",
+  "plastics",
+  "recycling",
+  "private",
+]
+
+[extra]
+banner =  "recycling_graphic.png"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+Being involved with 3D Printers, there is the issue of sustainability that I am confronted with regularly.
+Most 3D printed parts never get recycled and add to the global waste problem, rather than reducing it.
+The printer most certainly doesn’t care what it is printing, the main problem is the dimensional accuracy and the purity of the material. All of this leads to a huge industry, Germany being especially involved, using loads of virgin plastic.
+
+What can be done about it?
+We can design our products to last longer, we can also print recycling labels on them so they do not have to get burned after their first life. We can take care to only print functional objects, not just fun toys nobody uses.
+Yet, none of that prevents the use of virgin plastics. If you buy a spool of filament, there are some recycled options, but usually at twice the price at worse quality. No wonder recycled filament fails to convince the masses. It is mostly a fun thing YouTubers can pursue, not a valid commercial process.
+
+{{ youtube(id="vqWwUx8l_Io") }}
+
+In my opinion, the core problem is the nonexistent economic feasibility of a proper recycling process. Identifying the exact material of a piece of trash is a very hard problem, definitely not solved yet. So why do we mix the plastic up in the first place? There is a general willingness of people to recycle, but the system for it is missing.
+
+# The Master Plan
+
+I want to get people to wash and separate their trash for me, which are the most expensive steps in the recycling process. There is a willingness to take the extra step, and even if just my mom collects bottle caps for me, that is more than I can realistically use up.
+This only really works when I am thinking in a local and decentral environment.
+The existing recycling facilities clearly will not be able to provide 200 different containers for 200 different types of plastic.
+Starting the process with clean and sorted materials, like bottle caps (HDPE) or failed prints (PET-G), I start off with an advantage.
+Now I have to take apart the trash into evenly sized particles.
+Meet:
+
+## The Shredder
+
+We built the Precious Plastic Shredder!
+
+<iframe width="510" height="682" src="https://b2b.partcommunity.com/community/partcloud/embedded.html?route=embedded&name=Shredder+Basic+V2.0&model_id=96649&portal=b2b&showDescription=true&showLicense=false&showDownloadButton=false&showHotspots=true&noAutoload=false&autoRotate=true&hideMenu=false&topColor=%23dde7ed&bottomColor=%23ffffff&cameraParams=false&varsettransfer=" frameborder="0" id="EmbeddedView-Iframe-96649" allowfullscreen></iframe>
+
+With these awesome open-source drawings, I was able to cobble together my very own very dangerous plastic shredder.
+
+After finding some way to drive this massive axis, I feed the beast and hopefully get tiny pretty uniform plastic bits that are ready to begin the cycle of life anew.
+
+The solution for the motorization was an old and used garden shredder that still had an intact motor and wiring.
+We cut it in half and attached it to the shredder box.
+
+{{ youtube(id="QwVp1zmAA4Q") }}
+
+After replacing the weak force transmission screw for an industrial coupler, we were ready to try it out. Obviously, there are still security concerns in this prototype, a proper hopper is already being made.
+
+Nevertheless, we are confident that this shredder will be able to deal with the light sorts of plastic we are thinking of.
+As you can see, I am now able to produce awesome confetti but to do more with the plastic flakes I have to extrude them.
+
+## Meet the Filastruder
+
+This is the Filastruder, designed and made by Tim Elmore, in an attempt to create the cheapest viable way to extrude plastic. The biggest cost issue is the tight industrial tolerances in thickness that have to be adhered to. This is in essence what separates good from the bad filament. The industry standard nowadays is at +-0.03mm. Hard to achieve on a DIY setup, but not unheard of. The setup, like any bigger industry equivalent, consists of a motor pressing plastic pellets through a heated screw, extruding molten plastic at the end through a nozzle, and setting the diameter. The leftmost machine is responsible for winding the filament properly onto a spool.
+
+Here you can see the extrusion process in action.
+
+{{ youtube(id="FX6--pYrPVs") }}
+
+The Filastruder is controlled by an Arduino and is highly configurable. The laser sensor visible in the video is already working, but I am missing more direct control over the diameter of the filament.
+
+When it all really comes down to the single variable of the filament diameter responsible for the quality of my recycled project, a simple Machine Learning optimization directly jumps at me: I have a few variables like winder speed, extrusion speed, heat, and cooling intensity. These variables can be optimized on the fly for an exact diameter. This is actually roughly how virgin filament is produced, commercial facilities just manage much faster.
+
+![The variables in an iterative optimization](/assets/images/recycling_variables.png)
+
+So far, I am aware of a few companies and academic projects attempting this process, but none of them manage to get either the quality or the price of other products available. Automatization does not just take out jobs away, I think it can also be a helpful tool, for example tackling environmental issues such as this one.
+
+This project is very dear to my heart and I plan to investigate it further in the form of a master thesis.
+The realization will require many skills I am already picking up or still need to work on within the Design and Computation program.
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://reflowfilament.com/">Reflow Filament</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://www.perpetualplasticproject.com/">Perpetual Plastic Project</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://preciousplastic.com/">Precious Plastic Community</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://www.filamentive.com/recycling-failed-and-waste-3d-prints-into-filament-challenges/">Filamentive Statement on why recycling is not feasible in their opinion</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://www.youmagine.com/designs/infidel-inline-filament-diameter-estimator-lowcost-10-24">Open source filament diameter sensor by Tomas Sanladerer</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://re-pet3d.com/s">Re-Pet Shop</a>
+</div>

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2019-06-01-ballpark/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Ballpark"  
+date = 2022-03-01  
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]  
+description = "Ein 3D-Spielkonzept in Unity"  
+
+[taxonomies]  
+tags = [
+  "3d graphics",
+  "unity",
+  "c#",
+  "speculative design",
+  "collaboration",
+  "interactive",
+  "programming",
+  "communication",
+  "university of osnabrück",
+]  
+
+[extra]  
+banner = "ballpark_menu.png"  
+show_copyright = true  
+show_shares = true  
+
++++
+
+## Ballpark: 3D-Umgebungen in Unity  
+
+Umgesetzt in Unity, ist **Ballpark** ein Konzept für ein **kooperatives 2-Spieler-Spiel**, bei dem ein Spieler als Navigator mit einer Third-Person-Perspektive agiert und der andere Spieler als Copilot für die Interaktion mit der Umgebung zuständig ist.  
+Das Spiel verfügt über funktionierende Physik, intelligente Gegner, eine Waffe, ein Greifhaken-System zum Überqueren der Karte, eine 2D-Navigationsoberfläche und ein Health-Bar-System – alles mit den düstersten Cyberpunk-Vibes, die ich damals zusammenbringen konnte.  
+
+Viel Spaß!  
+
+{{ youtube(id="jwQWd9NPEIs") }}  
+
+Das Design enthält einige fragwürdige Entscheidungen, aber alle Mechaniken sind **von Grund auf selbst entwickelt**, und ich habe viel dabei gelernt. Ich spiele selten kompetitive Spiele, sehe aber Potenzial in einer **kooperativen, voneinander abhängigen Spielmechanik**. Schon das Tutorial erfordert intensive Spielerkommunikation.  
+
+Als Linkshänder habe ich Spieler eins die Pfeiltasten gegeben und Spieler zwei die WASD-Tasten sowie die linken und rechten Maustasten für Schießen und Greifhaken. Das führt zu einem interessanten Nebeneffekt: Spieler müssen nicht nur über unterschiedliche Informationen auf ihren Bildschirmen kommunizieren, sondern auch ihre Steuerung physisch koordinieren.  
+
+Die **Ball-Navigation** ist ziemlich schwer zu kontrollieren.  
+Es handelt sich um ein **rein physikbasiertes System**, bei dem Material, Gewicht und Trägheit der Kugel die Bewegung stark beeinflussen.  
+
+Auf kleinen Bildschirmen ist die Steuerung praktisch unmöglich, und einige visuelle Bugs verdecken Objekte bei zu naher Ansicht. Dennoch, da fast alle Mechaniken von Grund auf programmiert wurden – inklusive Follow-Camera, Kollisionsabfrage, smarten Agenten und einem noch etwas wackeligen Greifhaken – verdient das Projekt einen Platz im Portfolio.  
+
+Für dieses Projekt habe ich mich komplett auf **Mechaniken** konzentriert, weshalb viele fertige Prefabs und 3D-Objekte verwendet wurden. Beim nächsten Mal möchte ich diese auch selbst erstellen.  
+
+Ich habe Unity sehr genossen und freue mich darauf, meine erste **VR-Anwendung** zu entwickeln.  
+Ich möchte Mechaniken ausprobieren, bei denen die Sicht des Spielers durch VR komplett blockiert wird und die Augen als **tragbare, verbundene Kamera** bewegt werden, sodass die Spieler die Kamera selbst physisch steuern können.

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2019-06-01-ballpark/index.md

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++++
+title = "Ballpark"
+date = 2022-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "A 3D Game Concept in Unity"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "3d graphics",
+  "unity",
+  "c#",
+  "speculative design",
+  "collaboration",
+  "interactive",
+  "programming",
+  "communication",
+  "university of osnabrück",
+]
+[extra]
+banner =  "ballpark_menu.png"
+
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Ballpark: 3D Environments in Unity
+
+Implemented in Unity, Ballpark is a Concept work for a collaborative 2-Player Game, where one player is a navigator with a third-person perspective and another player is a copilot, responsible for interaction with the environment – featuring mostly working physics, intelligent enemies, a gun, a grappling hook system for traversing the map, a 2D Interface for navigation and a health bar system. On top of the meanest cyberpunk vibes my past self was able to conjure.
+
+Enjoy!
+
+{{ youtube(id="jwQWd9NPEIs") }}
+
+As you can see, the design faces some questionable choices, but all mechanics are homemade from the ground up and I learned a lot. I often struggle to enjoy competitive games and think there is potential in a co-dependent game interface. During early testing, we often found that it enforces player communication since already the tutorial is quite hard to beat.
+Due to me being a leftie, perhaps not entirely smart, I gave player one the keyboard arrows to work with and player two the WASD keys and left and right mouse buttons for grappling and shooting. For the game, it has an interesting side effect, in that players are forced not only to interact through the differing information on each player's screen but also have to physically interact and coordinate the controls.
+
+As you can perhaps see, the ball-rolling navigation is quite hard to use.
+It is a purely physics-based system, where, depending on the materiality of the ball, its weight, and therefore its inertia will drastically change.
+
+On small screens, the prototype version of the game is virtually impossible to control and several visual bugs within the viewport still obfuscate items when they are too close. Considering that virtually all the mechanics are written from scratch, with a follow-me camera, collision detection, smart moving agents, and a still very wonky-looking grappling gun, I still think it deserves a spot in this portfolio.
+For this project I focused completely on the mechanics of the game, resulting in lots of used prefabs and readymade 3D Objects. Next time, I want to do that myself too.
+
+I enjoyed my stint into Unity a lot and am looking forward to creating my first VR application and would love to try out some form of mechanics where the user vision is completely obfuscated by VR and they have to carry their eyes as a handheld connected camera so that the players can move around the camera itself with their hands.

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2020-03-01-homebrew/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Homebrew"
+date = 2022-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Ein sprudelndes Hobby von mir"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "altbier",
+  "beer",
+  "experiment",
+  "fermentation",
+  "hops",
+  "homebrew",
+  "keg",
+  "lager",
+  "pressure",
+  "private",
+  "sustainability",
+  "yeast"
+]
+
+[extra]
+banner = "beer_tap.jpg"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
+
++++
+
+## Brauen
+
+### Mein eigenes Bier herstellen
+
+Ich liebe es zu hosten, ich liebe es, in der Küche zu experimentieren. Mit Homebrews zu starten, war für mich eine natürliche Entscheidung, und während der ersten Covid-19-Welle habe ich den kompletten Heimbräuerweg mit Flaschenfermentation und kleinen Chargen eingeschlagen, später habe ich mein Setup auf 50-Liter-Chargen mit Drucktank-System erweitert.
+
+Zu Beginn war ich fasziniert, wie aus nur **vier einfachen Zutaten** – Malz, Hopfen, Wasser und Hefe – ein so unglaubliches Spektrum an Geschmackserlebnissen entstehen kann. Es war und ist immer noch ein **tremendales Lernprojekt**, bei dem man langsam akzeptieren muss, dass man den Prozess nicht vollständig kontrollieren kann, und gleichzeitig Raum für Kreativität findet.
+
+Warum präsentiere ich dieses scheinbar nicht-akademische Hobby hier? Ich sehe es nicht als irrelevant an: **Experimentieren und Optimieren eines Prozesses und Workflows**, optimale Bedingungen für die Hefe zu schaffen, fühlt sich dem Ansatz eines Programmierprojekts sehr ähnlich an.
+
+Hefe und ihre Wirkung faszinieren mich. Jedes Mal, wenn ich den Verschluss öffne, um etwas Druck aus dem Tank abzulassen, denke ich an die erstaunlichen symbiotischen Beziehungen der Hefe mit Menschen und wie viele verschiedene Stämme zusammenleben, um einen einzigartigen, maßgeschneiderten Geschmack zu erzeugen.
+Es gibt einige Ideen, den Brauprozess zu verändern, indem das erzeugte CO₂ aufgefangen und produktiv genutzt wird – z. B. ein Autoreifen gefüllt mit Biergas oder eine Algenfarm, die das CO₂ aufnimmt. Innerhalb eines **geschlossenen, druckbeaufschlagten Systems** werden solche Ideen tatsächlich realisierbar, und ich möchte sie weiter erforschen.
+
+Ich bin noch kein Experte für Algen, aber mit Hefe komme ich klar, und ich glaube, dass sie koexistieren und einen nachhaltigeren Produktionszyklus schaffen können.
+Die australische Brauerei Young Henrys integriert Algen bereits in ihren industriellen Prozess: [The Algae project](https://younghenrys.com/algae)
+
+Solche Ideen kommen nicht von selbst in die Industrie: Ich glaube, dass Kunst und die experimentelle Entdeckung neuer Techniken dasselbe sind. **Gutes, erfinderisches Design** kann die Gesellschaft verbessern und Schritte in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit gehen. Ich möchte daran teilhaben und neue Wege finden, Hefe in anderen Designkontexten einzusetzen: ob in einem geschlossenen Kreislaufsystem, zum Berechnen von Dingen oder einfach, um mein nächstes Bier mit der perfekten Spritzigkeit zu brauen.
+
+{% gallery() %}
+[
+  {
+    "file": "beer_setup.jpg",
+    "title": "Die neueste Iteration meines Homebrew-Setups mit Drucktanks und Druckfermentationskammer",
+    "alt": "Foto des neuesten Homebrew-Setups mit Drucktanks und Fermentationskammer."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "beer_setup_2.jpg",
+    "title": "Ein elektrischer Kessel, den ich für den Brauvorgang nutze",
+    "alt": "Bild des elektrischen Kessels, der im Brauprozess verwendet wird."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "beer_tap.jpg",
+    "title": "Mein eigenes Kegs-System mit Zapfhahn aus einem alten Tischbein",
+    "alt": "Individuelles Kegs-System mit Zapfhahn aus einem recycelten Tischbein."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "beer_fermentation.jpg",
+    "title": "Aktive Fermentation",
+    "alt": "Foto des Fermentationsprozesses während des Bierbrauens."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "hops.jpg",
+    "title": "Hopfen aus unserem Garten, um mit frischem Spezialhopfen zu experimentieren",
+    "alt": "Frischer Hopfen im Garten, bereit für Brau-Experimente."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "beer_malt.jpg",
+    "title": "Die übrig gebliebene Masse des Trebers. Tiere lieben sie, sie ist super zum Kompostieren, aber vor allem ideal zum Brotbacken!",
+    "alt": "Treberreste aus dem Brauvorgang, perfekt für Kompost, Tierfutter oder Brot."
+  }
+]
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2020-03-01-homebrew/index.md

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++++
+title = "Homebrew"
+date = 2022-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "A bubbly hobby of mine"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "altbier",
+  "beer",
+  "experiment",
+  "fermentation",
+  "hops",
+  "homebrew",
+  "keg",
+  "lager",
+  "pressure",
+  "private",
+  "sustainability",
+  "yeast"
+]
+
+
+[extra]
+banner =  "beer_tap.jpg"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Brewing
+
+### Making my own beer
+
+I love hosting, I love experimenting in the Kitchen. Starting with homebrews was a natural fit for me and during the first wave of Covid-19, I went the whole homebrewer’s route of bottle fermentation and small batches later elevating my game with larger batches of 50 liters and a pressure tank system.
+
+Starting out, I found it fascinating, how just 4 rather simple ingredients, malt, hops, water and yeast, can form such an incredible range of taste experiences. It was and still is, a tremendous learning experience, where one slowly has to accept not being able to control the process fully and find room for creativity.
+
+Why do I present such an unrelated non-academic hobby here? I simply do not regard it as unrelated, experimenting and optimizing a process and a workflow, creating optimal conditions for the yeast to do its job feels very similar to approaching a coding project.
+Yeast and what it does fascinates me. Every time I open the latch to release some pressure on the Tank I think of the awesome symbiotic relationships yeast has with humans and how many different strains live there together to create a unique, yet tailored flavor. Several ideas are floating around of changing the brewing process by capturing the created carbon dioxide and using it productively. I could see a car tire being filled with my beer gas, or an algae farm munching away on my CO2 byproducts. Within a closed-loop pressurized system, such ideas actually become realizable and I would love to explore them further.
+
+I am not yet an expert on algae, but I can manage with yeast and I believe they can coexist and create a more sustainable cycle of production.
+Young Henrys, a brewery in Australia is already incorporating algae into its industrial process:
+ [The Algae project](https://younghenrys.com/algae)
+
+Such ideas do not come into the industry by themselves: I believe that art and the exploratory discovery of novel techniques are the same things. Good and inventive design can improve society and make steps towards sustainability. I want to be part of that and would love to find new ways of using yeast in other design contexts: See whether I can make them work in a closed circular system, make them calculate things for me, or simply making my next beer taste awesome with just the right amount of fizz.
+
+{% gallery() %}
+[
+  {
+    "file": "beer_setup.jpg",
+    "title": "The latest iteration of my homebrew setup, using pressure tanks and a pressurized fermentation chamber",
+    "alt": "A photo showcasing the latest version of a homebrew setup with pressure tanks and a fermentation chamber."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "beer_setup_2.jpg",
+    "title": "An electric kettle I use for the Brew",
+    "alt": "An image of the electric kettle used in the brewing process."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "beer_tap.jpg",
+    "title": "I made my own kegging system featuring a tap from an old table leg.",
+    "alt": "A custom kegging system with a tap made from an upcycled table leg."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "beer_fermentation.jpg",
+    "title": "An active fermentation",
+    "alt": "A photo showing the fermentation process in action during beer brewing."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "hops.jpg",
+    "title": "Hops growing in our garden, so I can experiment with fresh specialty hops",
+    "alt": "Fresh hops growing in the garden, ready for experimentation in brewing."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "beer_malt.jpg",
+    "title": "The leftover mass of spent grain. Animals love it, it's great for composting, but most importantly, it's great for baking bread!",
+    "alt": "The spent grain left over from brewing, which is perfect for composting, animal feed, or baking bread."
+  }
+]
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2020-07-14-critical-epistemologies/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Übersetzung: Critical Epistemology"
+date = 2020-07-14
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Forum entries from the Seminar: Critical Epistemologies"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = ["alison jaggar", "elizabeth anderson", "epistemology", "ethics", "feminism", "francois ewald", "judith butler", "josé medina", "normativity", "phenomenology", "philosophy", "philosophy of emotions", "postphenomenology", "private", "university of osnabrück", "values in science"]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+## Forum entries from the Seminar: Critical Epistemologies
+
+### On Anderson: Institutions
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Epistemic Justice as a Virtue of Social Institutions
+Elizabeth Anderson (2012) Epistemic Justice as a Virtue of Social Institutions, Social Epistemology, 26:2, 163-173,
+DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2011.652211 [Publication](https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2011.652211)
+{% end %}
+
+The text by Anderson helped shed light on a few issues I stumbled over with Frickers Account. On top of the various issues I and seemingly others have with her virtue-based approach, I think a utilitarian angle is worth considering. That would be: okay, I accept that people can help fight injustice by realising their privilege, showing restraint, silencing themselves, and adopting the benevolent listening approach. I think that is a practical, virtuous, and realistic endeavour.
+But is it the effective path to alleviating structural injustice? I think not, and initially, that is a major reason I discarded Fricker’s approach, although I saw merit. I have similar concerns to Anderson in the scalability of virtues. Virtuous behavior might help my personal well-being, it gives me normative elevation and might even further the quality of relationships I have. But is it applicable to society, is it enough to counteract structural injustice?
+Well, maybe, assuming that:
+
+1. Everyone realizes their privilege,
+2. Everyone concludes that justice is the right goal,
+3. Upon deciding to adopt a virtuous stance, everyone at least moderately succeeds in practicing what they preach.
+
+I think, for society, the same society that came up with patriarchy in the first place, external pressure, some measure independent of the convictedness of the subjects is needed.
+Anderson made the powerful point of: “Anything that works, goes”, which took me some time to appreciate. I am always angry when I get told to keep my shower to a minimum or stop using plastic straws when I know exactly that my using less water is nothing compared to the institutionalized practice of Coca-Cola putting water into bottles. I feel like it is unjustified to ask me to save water while others triple their output, for performance.
+The same thing applies to Epistemic injustices. It strikes me how much energy it costs to keep up virtuous behavior individually and how little effect there is to show for it. I do not believe in “trickling up” where institutions will eventually adopt individual practices.
+Is Fricker thereby less right in her point? No, it adds up, as an entire population showering shorter adds up to lots of water saved.
+Anderson also points out how locally innocent biases can create injustice on a “macro” scale. Another indicator for me is that local virtue is not the sole solution, as it can still feed and sustain a system enforcing epistemic injustice.
+
+I still have doubts about what to do now with my ideas, on how the world looks that I want. I lack the imagination of seeing a world that is epistemically just, and it is hard to strive for something one cannot even imagine. The system is inherently leaning toward inequality, if I try to balance something on a needle, it will only go well so long, before small imbalances create chain reactions and the object should be called unstable. Should we even succeed in “resetting” society, creating equal participation for each subject, how will it remain just? Is Justice always a conjunct of Equality? Are there ways to achieve real Justice without needing equality?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Tuesday 14. July 2020, 17:45
+{% end %}
+
+### On Medina, the informant and the inquirer
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Dr. José Medina (2012) Hermeneutical Injustice and Polyphonic Contextualism: Social Silences and Shared Hermeneutical Responsibilities, Social Epistemology, 26:2, 201-220, DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2011.652214
+[Publication](https://www.ias.edu/sites/default/files/sss/pdfs/Crisis-and-Critique-2018-19/medina_imposed_silences.pdf)
+{% end %}
+
+My biggest takeaway here was that, as I tried to hint at in an earlier comment,
+Whenever we talk about justice, this necessarily refers to a relational concept, where everybody has a double role to ensure successful communication. Medina calls these the inquirer and the informant. So, every individual has to make sure to act to her capacity as an epistemologically sound knowledge-acquiring agent (the inquirer). This would involve knowing when and how to falsify/qualify statements, making inferences about the theory of mind, and generally comparing different statements. The other role is the informant, where the individual should have the capacity to function as an object in an inquiry by another.
+Very roughly this can, I think, be compared to any good communication model, where there are a listener and a speaker, and both have to function. What was new here, or at least came out more clear is that it not only depends on the capacity of both of these roles on the subject, but it is also directly dependent on the “other”, the agent opposite of the subject. We may call this other society later but it helps me to visualize the other as an individual nonetheless. Where the analogy to communication now fails, in my opinion, is this cross-dependence, where an agent does not fully determine her capacity to act both as an inquirer and as an informant, it is co-determined by the “other”. So, if I, as an “other”, listen to someone's statements, and I fail or refuse to understand the epistemic content of the message, I am not only impairing my epistemic agency, but I also hurt the epistemic agency of the subject. Maybe obvious to most, but this thought struck me as being exactly the point of leverage for dysfunctionalities in power relations.
+Also argued convincingly in the paper was that these are distinct and independent agencies, which can be impairing an individual separately.
+Overall, the Medina text was incredibly helpful after the somewhat confusing Fricker text that felt incomplete and left a lot of questions for me. The medina text picked up all my initial doubts, that I couldn't properly formulate, and many more, while still holding to the general framework of Fricker.
+Although I was not convinced by the Fricker Text, I tend to think the strategy:
+
+ "When in doubt, give the subject full epistemic credibility"
+
+Is a good strategy that might alleviate a lot of issues regarding functions of power, and hierarchy, but also further, it might be a good counter for things as our confirmation bias, expectation bias and many individual errors that we could minimize by constantly exposing ourselves to falsifiability through others (voluntarily). Sounds like science applied to agency to me.
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Thursday 09. July 2020, 11:25
+{% end %}
+
+### On Jaggar: Norms, Outlaw Emotions, and the Ideal Society
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Alison M. Jaggar (1989) Love and knowledge: Emotion in feminist epistemology, Inquiry, 32:2, 151-176, DOI: 10.1080/00201748908602185
+[Publication](https://doi.org/10.1080/00201748908602185)
+{% end %}
+
+I found Jaggar to be a very wholesome read, it was the perfect amount of grounded argumentative structure and felt very connected as a whole. This was, together with the ideas from Lugones the best and most fruitful paper for me.
+On outlaw emotions:
+First, I hate the term, I think it’s placative and fails to frame the (actually nice) idea behind it.
+Outlaw Emotions are all those emotions incompatible with the dominant norms. That’s a huge field to cover, among feminist emotions they would also encompass emotions that are irrational or “faulty”. So, Jaggar does the term Justice by saying, some, but not all Outlaw Emotions are Feminist emotions. To make this evident, just think of a murderer's joy for killing, it is of no feminist interest to dissect, yet it is against dominant values. So, experiencing Outlaw emotions is a (probably) necessary, but not sufficient condition for feminism. The incompatible emotion serves to create discourse and change.
+Jaggar convincingly shows how emotions have a direct influence on beliefs and can validly constitute evidence, while simultaneously validly influencing values in a similar manner.
+When we talk about dominant/alternative norms, we already endorse hierarchy in society. We acknowledge its existence, simply by identifying the dominant norm. I am not quite sure what exactly Jaggar proposes we should do with the hierarchy structures in society. Explicitly I can read: Subcultures rejecting dominant norms should be formed, to create counterbalances and a somewhat fair discourse over the topic.
+“How can we determine which outlaw emotions are to be endorsed or encouraged and which rejected? In what sense can we say that some emotional responses are more appropriate than others? What reason is there for supposing that certain alternative perceptions of the world, perceptions informed by outlaw emotions, are to be preferred to perceptions informed by conventional emotions? Here I can indicate only the general direction of an answer, whose full elaboration must await another occasion. I suggest that emotions are appropriate if they are characteristic of a society in which all Human Life (and perhaps some nonhuman life, too) thrive, or if they are conducive to establishing such a society.”
+To me this passage sounds sketchy at best, there is no indication of how to successfully separate appropriate from inappropriate emotions. Roughly, I read this part as: emotions are warranted iff they increase the balance of power. (equivalent to minimizing the height of the hierarchy) I would love to get to read this “other occasion” because it seems indefensible to me to formulate a norm that states: Accept only emotions which eliminate/diminish norms.
+The idea roughly resembles Rawls's Minimax Principle, where a policy should be implemented iff the benefit for the most disadvantaged is highest.
+Another thing I found helpful is her reformulation of what norms do:
+“Dominant Norms tend to serve dominant interests”
+til here nothing new, this is a tautology for me, I understand norms as identical to dominant interests, that’s literally what norms are.
+Is an alternative, suppressed norm even thinkable? Isn't it inherent in a norm that it be the dominant one?
+But then, after that: "Whatever our color / gender / class / sexual orientation, we are likely to adopt the dominant value of racist, classist, homophobe, misogynistic white men."
+This was rather helpful to me, as it reframes the “act” of oppression as the “likelihood of value distribution” being skewed in your favor, making everybody’s values more likely to be similar to yours. This nicely illustrates how a system can be hierarchical and oppressive, without anybody actively, intentionally “acting oppressive”, while still perpetuating oppression. I'm
+not saying everybody is acting unintentionally oppressive, but it is always hard to imagine for me to picture "White Men" forming a group and collectively deciding on who to hate this coming season, Conceptually separating "being oppressed" and "oppressing" into phenomena
+without necessary inherent causal relation makes sense to me here.
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Tuesday 23. June 2020, 18:52
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2020-07-14-critical-epistemologies/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
++++
+title = "Critical Epistemology"
+date = 2020-07-14
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Forum entries from the Seminar: Critical Epistemologies"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = ["alison jaggar", "elizabeth anderson", "epistemology", "ethics", "feminism", "francois ewald", "judith butler", "josé medina", "normativity", "phenomenology", "philosophy", "philosophy of emotions", "postphenomenology", "private", "university of osnabrück", "values in science"]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+## Forum entries from the Seminar: Critical Epistemologies
+
+### On Anderson: Institutions
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Epistemic Justice as a Virtue of Social Institutions
+Elizabeth Anderson (2012) Epistemic Justice as a Virtue of Social Institutions, Social Epistemology, 26:2, 163-173,
+DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2011.652211 [Publication](https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2011.652211)
+{% end %}
+
+The text by Anderson helped shed light on a few issues I stumbled over with Frickers Account. On top of the various issues I and seemingly others have with her virtue-based approach, I think a utilitarian angle is worth considering. That would be: okay, I accept that people can help fight injustice by realising their privilege, showing restraint, silencing themselves, and adopting the benevolent listening approach. I think that is a practical, virtuous, and realistic endeavour.
+But is it the effective path to alleviating structural injustice? I think not, and initially, that is a major reason I discarded Fricker’s approach, although I saw merit. I have similar concerns to Anderson in the scalability of virtues. Virtuous behavior might help my personal well-being, it gives me normative elevation and might even further the quality of relationships I have. But is it applicable to society, is it enough to counteract structural injustice?
+Well, maybe, assuming that:
+
+1. Everyone realizes their privilege,
+2. Everyone concludes that justice is the right goal,
+3. Upon deciding to adopt a virtuous stance, everyone at least moderately succeeds in practicing what they preach.
+
+I think, for society, the same society that came up with patriarchy in the first place, external pressure, some measure independent of the convictedness of the subjects is needed.
+Anderson made the powerful point of: “Anything that works, goes”, which took me some time to appreciate. I am always angry when I get told to keep my shower to a minimum or stop using plastic straws when I know exactly that my using less water is nothing compared to the institutionalized practice of Coca-Cola putting water into bottles. I feel like it is unjustified to ask me to save water while others triple their output, for performance.
+The same thing applies to Epistemic injustices. It strikes me how much energy it costs to keep up virtuous behavior individually and how little effect there is to show for it. I do not believe in “trickling up” where institutions will eventually adopt individual practices.
+Is Fricker thereby less right in her point? No, it adds up, as an entire population showering shorter adds up to lots of water saved.
+Anderson also points out how locally innocent biases can create injustice on a “macro” scale. Another indicator for me is that local virtue is not the sole solution, as it can still feed and sustain a system enforcing epistemic injustice.
+
+I still have doubts about what to do now with my ideas, on how the world looks that I want. I lack the imagination of seeing a world that is epistemically just, and it is hard to strive for something one cannot even imagine. The system is inherently leaning toward inequality, if I try to balance something on a needle, it will only go well so long, before small imbalances create chain reactions and the object should be called unstable. Should we even succeed in “resetting” society, creating equal participation for each subject, how will it remain just? Is Justice always a conjunct of Equality? Are there ways to achieve real Justice without needing equality?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Tuesday 14. July 2020, 17:45
+{% end %}
+
+### On Medina, the informant and the inquirer
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Dr. José Medina (2012) Hermeneutical Injustice and Polyphonic Contextualism: Social Silences and Shared Hermeneutical Responsibilities, Social Epistemology, 26:2, 201-220, DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2011.652214
+[Publication](https://www.ias.edu/sites/default/files/sss/pdfs/Crisis-and-Critique-2018-19/medina_imposed_silences.pdf)
+{% end %}
+
+My biggest takeaway here was that, as I tried to hint at in an earlier comment,
+Whenever we talk about justice, this necessarily refers to a relational concept, where everybody has a double role to ensure successful communication. Medina calls these the inquirer and the informant. So, every individual has to make sure to act to her capacity as an epistemologically sound knowledge-acquiring agent (the inquirer). This would involve knowing when and how to falsify/qualify statements, making inferences about the theory of mind, and generally comparing different statements. The other role is the informant, where the individual should have the capacity to function as an object in an inquiry by another.
+Very roughly this can, I think, be compared to any good communication model, where there are a listener and a speaker, and both have to function. What was new here, or at least came out more clear is that it not only depends on the capacity of both of these roles on the subject, but it is also directly dependent on the “other”, the agent opposite of the subject. We may call this other society later but it helps me to visualize the other as an individual nonetheless. Where the analogy to communication now fails, in my opinion, is this cross-dependence, where an agent does not fully determine her capacity to act both as an inquirer and as an informant, it is co-determined by the “other”. So, if I, as an “other”, listen to someone's statements, and I fail or refuse to understand the epistemic content of the message, I am not only impairing my epistemic agency, but I also hurt the epistemic agency of the subject. Maybe obvious to most, but this thought struck me as being exactly the point of leverage for dysfunctionalities in power relations.
+Also argued convincingly in the paper was that these are distinct and independent agencies, which can be impairing an individual separately.
+Overall, the Medina text was incredibly helpful after the somewhat confusing Fricker text that felt incomplete and left a lot of questions for me. The medina text picked up all my initial doubts, that I couldn't properly formulate, and many more, while still holding to the general framework of Fricker.
+Although I was not convinced by the Fricker Text, I tend to think the strategy:
+
+ "When in doubt, give the subject full epistemic credibility"
+
+Is a good strategy that might alleviate a lot of issues regarding functions of power, and hierarchy, but also further, it might be a good counter for things as our confirmation bias, expectation bias and many individual errors that we could minimize by constantly exposing ourselves to falsifiability through others (voluntarily). Sounds like science applied to agency to me.
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Thursday 09. July 2020, 11:25
+{% end %}
+
+### On Jaggar: Norms, Outlaw Emotions, and the Ideal Society
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Alison M. Jaggar (1989) Love and knowledge: Emotion in feminist epistemology, Inquiry, 32:2, 151-176, DOI: 10.1080/00201748908602185
+[Publication](https://doi.org/10.1080/00201748908602185)
+{% end %}
+
+I found Jaggar to be a very wholesome read, it was the perfect amount of grounded argumentative structure and felt very connected as a whole. This was, together with the ideas from Lugones the best and most fruitful paper for me.
+On outlaw emotions:
+First, I hate the term, I think it’s placative and fails to frame the (actually nice) idea behind it.
+Outlaw Emotions are all those emotions incompatible with the dominant norms. That’s a huge field to cover, among feminist emotions they would also encompass emotions that are irrational or “faulty”. So, Jaggar does the term Justice by saying, some, but not all Outlaw Emotions are Feminist emotions. To make this evident, just think of a murderer's joy for killing, it is of no feminist interest to dissect, yet it is against dominant values. So, experiencing Outlaw emotions is a (probably) necessary, but not sufficient condition for feminism. The incompatible emotion serves to create discourse and change.
+Jaggar convincingly shows how emotions have a direct influence on beliefs and can validly constitute evidence, while simultaneously validly influencing values in a similar manner.
+When we talk about dominant/alternative norms, we already endorse hierarchy in society. We acknowledge its existence, simply by identifying the dominant norm. I am not quite sure what exactly Jaggar proposes we should do with the hierarchy structures in society. Explicitly I can read: Subcultures rejecting dominant norms should be formed, to create counterbalances and a somewhat fair discourse over the topic.
+“How can we determine which outlaw emotions are to be endorsed or encouraged and which rejected? In what sense can we say that some emotional responses are more appropriate than others? What reason is there for supposing that certain alternative perceptions of the world, perceptions informed by outlaw emotions, are to be preferred to perceptions informed by conventional emotions? Here I can indicate only the general direction of an answer, whose full elaboration must await another occasion. I suggest that emotions are appropriate if they are characteristic of a society in which all Human Life (and perhaps some nonhuman life, too) thrive, or if they are conducive to establishing such a society.”
+To me this passage sounds sketchy at best, there is no indication of how to successfully separate appropriate from inappropriate emotions. Roughly, I read this part as: emotions are warranted iff they increase the balance of power. (equivalent to minimizing the height of the hierarchy) I would love to get to read this “other occasion” because it seems indefensible to me to formulate a norm that states: Accept only emotions which eliminate/diminish norms.
+The idea roughly resembles Rawls's Minimax Principle, where a policy should be implemented iff the benefit for the most disadvantaged is highest.
+Another thing I found helpful is her reformulation of what norms do:
+“Dominant Norms tend to serve dominant interests”
+til here nothing new, this is a tautology for me, I understand norms as identical to dominant interests, that’s literally what norms are.
+Is an alternative, suppressed norm even thinkable? Isn't it inherent in a norm that it be the dominant one?
+But then, after that: "Whatever our color / gender / class / sexual orientation, we are likely to adopt the dominant value of racist, classist, homophobe, misogynistic white men."
+This was rather helpful to me, as it reframes the “act” of oppression as the “likelihood of value distribution” being skewed in your favor, making everybody’s values more likely to be similar to yours. This nicely illustrates how a system can be hierarchical and oppressive, without anybody actively, intentionally “acting oppressive”, while still perpetuating oppression. I'm
+not saying everybody is acting unintentionally oppressive, but it is always hard to imagine for me to picture "White Men" forming a group and collectively deciding on who to hate this coming season, Conceptually separating "being oppressed" and "oppressing" into phenomena
+without necessary inherent causal relation makes sense to me here.
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Tuesday 23. June 2020, 18:52
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2020-07-15-chatbot/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Chatbot"
+date = 2020-07-15
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Ein sprachgesteuerter Meditations-Assistent und Stimmungs-Tracker"
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "chatbot",
+  "data visualization",
+  "google assistant",
+  "google cloud",
+  "google dialogflow",
+  "meditation",
+  "nlp",
+  "nlu",
+  "python",
+  "speech interface",
+  "sql",
+  "university of osnabrück",
+  "voice assistant",
+  "work",
+]
+
+[extra]
+banner =  "fulfillment-flow.png"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Guru to Go: Ein sprachgesteuerter Meditations-Assistent und Stimmungs-Tracker
+
+{{ youtube(id="R73vAH37TC0") }}
+
+Hier sehen Sie ein Demo-Video eines sprachgesteuerten Meditations-Assistenten, den wir im Kurs "Conversational Agents and Speech Interfaces" entwickelt haben
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://w3o.ikw.uni-osnabrueck.de/scheinmaker/export/details/76/67">Kursbeschreibung</a>
+</div>
+
+Das zentrale Ziel des gesamten Projekts war es, den Assistenten vollständig sprachgesteuert zu gestalten, sodass das Telefon während der Meditation nicht berührt werden muss.
+
+Der Chatbot wurde in Google Dialogflow entwickelt, einer Engine für natürliches Sprachverständnis, die freie Texteingaben interpretieren und darin Entitäten und Absichten erkennen kann.
+Wir haben ein eigenes Python-Backend geschrieben, um diese ausgewerteten Absichten zu nutzen und individualisierte Antworten zu berechnen.
+
+Die resultierende Anwendung läuft im Google Assistant und kann adaptiv Meditationen bereitstellen, den Stimmungsverlauf visualisieren und umfassend über Meditationspraktiken informieren. Leider haben wir Beta-Funktionen des älteren "Google Assistant" Frameworks verwendet, das Monate später von Google in "Actions on Google" umbenannt wurde und Kernfunktionalitäten änderte, die eine umfangreiche Migration erforderten, für die weder Chris, mein Partner in diesem Projekt, noch ich Zeit fanden.
+
+Dennoch funktionierte der gesamte Chatbot als Meditations-Player und konnte aufgezeichnete Stimmungen für jeden Benutzer über die Zeit grafisch darstellen und speichern.
+
+Unten angehängt finden Sie auch unseren Abschlussbericht mit Details zur Programmierung und zum Gedankenprozess.
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://acrobat.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:23118565-e24e-4586-b0e0-c0ef7550a067">Den vollständigen Bericht lesen</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://github.com/cstenkamp/medibot_pythonbackend">Das Projekt auf GitHub ansehen</a>
+</div>
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Nachdem dies mein erster Einblick in die Nutzung des Google Frameworks für die Erstellung eines Sprachassistenten war und ich dabei auf viele Probleme stieß, die teilweise auch Eingang in den Abschlussbericht fanden, konnte ich diese Erfahrungen nutzen und arbeite derzeit an [Ällei](/allei/), einem weiteren Chatbot mit einem anderen Schwerpunkt, der nicht innerhalb von Actions on Google realisiert wird, sondern eine eigene React-App auf einer Website erhält.
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2020-07-15-chatbot/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
++++
+title = "Chatbot"
+date = 2020-07-15
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "A speech-controlled meditation assistant and sentiment tracker"
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "chatbot",
+  "data visualization",
+  "google assistant",
+  "google cloud",
+  "google dialogflow",
+  "meditation",
+  "nlp",
+  "nlu",
+  "python",
+  "speech interface",
+  "sql",
+  "university of osnabrück",
+  "voice assistant",
+  "work",
+]
+
+[extra]
+banner =  "fulfillment-flow.png"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Guru to Go: a speech-controlled meditation assistant and sentiment tracker
+
+{{ youtube(id="R73vAH37TC0") }}
+
+Here, you see a Demo video of a voice-controlled meditation assistant that we worked on in the course "Conversational Agents and speech interfaces"
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://w3o.ikw.uni-osnabrueck.de/scheinmaker/export/details/76/67">Course Description</a>
+</div>
+
+The central goal of the entire project was to make the Assistant be entirely speech controlled, such that the phone needn't be touched while immersing yourself in meditation.
+
+The Chatbot was built in Google Dialogflow, a natural language understanding engine that can interpret free text input and identify entities and intents within it,
+We wrote a custom python backend to then use these evaluated intents and compute individualized responses.
+
+The resulting application runs in Google Assistant and can adaptively deliver meditations, visualize sentiment history and comprehensively inform about meditation practices. Sadly, we used beta functionality from the older "Google Assistant" Framework, which got rebranded months after by Google into "Actions on Google" and changed core functionality requiring extensive migration that neither Chris, my partner in this project, nor I found time to do.
+
+Nevertheless, the whole Chatbot functioned as a meditation player and was able to graph and store recorded sentiments over time for each user.
+
+Attached below you can also find our final report with details on the programming and thought process.
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://acrobat.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:23118565-e24e-4586-b0e0-c0ef7550a067">Read the full report</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://github.com/cstenkamp/medibot_pythonbackend">Look at the Project on GitHub</a>
+</div>
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+After this being my first dip into using the Google Framework for the creation of a speech assistant and encountering many problems along the way that partly found their way also into the final report, now I managed to utilize these explorations and am currently working to create [Ällei](/allei/), another chatbot with a different focus, which is not realized within Actions on google, but will rather be getting its own react app on a website.
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2021-03-01-coding/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Coding-Beispiele"
+date = 2021-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Eine Auswahl von Coding-Projekten aus meinem Bachelor in Kognitionswissenschaft"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "ai",
+  "cnn",
+  "gofai",
+  "mtcnn",
+  "computer vision",
+  "ethics",
+  "face detection",
+  "google colab",
+  "jupyter notebook",
+  "keras",
+  "machine learning",
+  "neural nets",
+  "object recognition",
+  "python",
+  "super resolution",
+  "tensorflow",
+  "university of osnabrück",
+]
+
+[extra]
+banner = "sample_lr.png"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Neuronale Netze und Computer Vision
+
+## Eine Auswahl von Coding-Projekten
+
+Obwohl reines Programmieren und Debugging oft nicht meine Leidenschaft sind, erkenne ich die Bedeutung von neuronalen Netzen und anderen neueren Entwicklungen in der Computer Vision. Aus mehreren Projekten zu KI und maschinellem Lernen, die ich während meines Bachelor-Programms mitentwickelt habe, habe ich dieses ausgewählt, da ich denke, dass es gut dokumentiert ist und Schritt für Schritt erklärt, was wir dort tun.
+
+### Bild-Superauflösung mittels Faltungsneuronaler Netze (Nachbildung einer Arbeit von 2016)
+
+Bild-Superauflösung ist ein enorm wichtiges Thema in der Computer Vision. Wenn es ausreichend fortgeschritten funktioniert, könnten wir all unsere Screenshots, Selfies und Katzenbilder aus der Facebook-Ära 2006 und sogar von davor nehmen und sie auf moderne 4K-Anforderungen hochskalieren.
+
+Um ein Beispiel dafür zu geben, was im Jahr 2020, nur 4 Jahre nach der hier vorgestellten Arbeit, möglich ist, wirf einen Blick auf dieses Video von 1902:
+
+{{ youtube(id="EQs5VxNPhzk") }}
+
+Die von uns betrachtete Arbeit von 2016 ist deutlich bescheidener: Sie versucht nur ein einzelnes Bild hochzuskalieren, aber historisch gesehen war sie eine der ersten, die Rechenzeiten erreichte, die klein genug waren, um solche Echtzeit-Video-Hochskalierung zu ermöglichen, wie du sie im Video (von 2020) siehst oder wie sie Nvidia heutzutage zur Hochskalierung von Videospielen verwendet.
+
+Beispiel einer Super-Resolution-Aufnahme.
+Das neuronale Netz fügt künstlich Pixel hinzu, sodass wir unser bescheidenes Selfie endlich auf einem Werbeplakat platzieren können, ohne von unserem durch Technologie verformten und verpixelten Gesicht entsetzt zu sein.
+
+{% gallery() %}
+[
+  {
+    "file": "sample_lr.png",
+    "title": "Eine niedrigauflösende Probe",
+    "alt": "Ein Beispielbild mit niedriger Auflösung, das als Vergleichsbasis dient."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "sample_hr.png",
+    "title": "Eine hochauflösende Probe. Dies wird auch als 'Ground Truth' bezeichnet",
+    "alt": "Ein hochauflösendes Bild, das als Referenz-Ground-Truth für den Vergleich mit anderen Proben dient."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "sample_sr.png",
+    "title": "Der künstlich vergrößerte Bildausschnitt, der aus dem Algorithmus resultiert",
+    "alt": "Ein Beispielbild, bei dem die Auflösung künstlich mittels eines Bildverbesserungsalgorithmus erhöht wurde."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "sample_loss.png",
+    "title": "Ein Graph, der eine exemplarische Verlustfunktion zeigt, die während des Trainings angewendet wurde",
+    "alt": "Ein Graph, der die beim Training des Modells verwendete Verlustfunktion illustriert und die Leistung des Modells im Zeitverlauf zeigt."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "sample_cos_sim.png",
+    "title": "Eine qualitative Messung, die wir verwendeten, war die pixelweise Kosinus-Ähnlichkeit. Sie wird verwendet, um zu messen, wie ähnlich die Ausgabe- und Ground-Truth-Bilder sind",
+    "alt": "Eine Visualisierung der pixelweisen Kosinus-Ähnlichkeit, die verwendet wird, um zu quantifizieren, wie ähnlich das generierte Bild dem Ground-Truth-Bild ist."
+  }
+]
+{% end %}
+
+[Das Python-Notebook für Bild-Superauflösung in Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1RlgIKJmX8Omz9CTktX7cdIV_BwarUFpv?usp=sharing)
+
+### MTCNN (Anwendung und Vergleich einer Arbeit von 2016)
+
+Hier kannst du auch einen Blick auf ein anderes, viel kleineres Projekt werfen, bei dem wir einen eher klassischen maschinellen Lernansatz für die Gesichtserkennung nachgebaut haben. Hier verwenden wir bestehende Bibliotheken, um die Unterschiede in der Wirksamkeit der Ansätze zu demonstrieren und zu zeigen, dass Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN) einer der leistungsfähigsten Ansätze im Jahr 2016 war. Da ich in das obige Projekt viel mehr Liebe und Arbeit investiert habe, würde ich dir empfehlen, dir dieses anzusehen, falls zwei Projekte zu viel sind.
+
+[Gesichtserkennung mit einem klassischen KI-Ansatz (Nachbildung einer Arbeit von 2016)](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1uNGsVZ0Q42JRNa3BuI4W-JNJHaXD26bu?usp=sharing)

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2021-03-01-coding/index.md

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++++
+title = "Coding Examples"
+date = 2021-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "A selection of coding projects from my Bachelor's in Cognitive Science"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "ai",
+  "cnn",
+  "gofai",
+  "mtcnn",
+  "computer vision",
+  "ethics",
+  "face detection",
+  "google colab",
+  "jupyter notebook",
+  "keras",
+  "machine learning",
+  "neural nets",
+  "object recognition",
+  "python",
+  "super resolution",
+  "tensorflow",
+  "university of osnabrück",
+]
+
+[extra]
+banner = "sample_lr.png"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Neural Networks and Computer Vision
+
+## A selection of coding projects
+
+Although pure coding and debugging are often not a passion of mine, I recognize the importance of neural networks and other recent developments in Computer Vision. From several projects regarding AI and Machine Learning that I co-authored during my Bachelor Program, I picked this one since I think it is well documented and explains on a step-by-step basis what we do there.
+
+### Image Super-Resolution using Convolutional Neural Networks (Recreation of a 2016 Paper)
+
+Image Super-Resolution is a hugely important topic in Computer Vision. If it works sufficiently advanced, we could take all our screenshots and selfies and cat pictures from the 2006 facebook-era and even from before and scale them up to suit modern 4K needs.
+
+Just to give an example of what is possible in 2020, just 4 years after the paper here, have a look at this video from 1902:
+
+{{ youtube(id="EQs5VxNPhzk") }}
+
+The 2016 paper we had a look at is much more modest: it tries to upscale only a single Image, but historically, it was one of the first to achieve computing times sufficiently small to make such realtime-video-upscaling as visible in the Video (from 2020) or of the likes that Nvidia uses nowadays to upscale Videogames.
+
+Example of a Super-Resolution Image.
+The Neural network is artificially adding Pixels so that we can finally put our measly selfie on a billboard poster and not be appalled by our deformed-and-pixelated-through-technology face.
+
+{% gallery() %}
+[
+  {
+    "file": "sample_lr.png",
+    "title": "A low-resolution sample",
+    "alt": "A sample image with low resolution, used as a baseline for comparison."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "sample_hr.png",
+    "title": "A high-resolution sample. This is also called 'ground truth'",
+    "alt": "A high-resolution image that serves as the reference ground truth for comparison with other samples."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "sample_sr.png",
+    "title": "The artificially enlarged image patch resulting from the algorithm",
+    "alt": "A sample image where the resolution has been artificially increased using an image enhancement algorithm."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "sample_loss.png",
+    "title": "A graph showing an exemplary loss function applied during training",
+    "alt": "A graph illustrating the loss function used to train the model, showing the model's performance over time."
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "sample_cos_sim.png",
+    "title": "One qualitative measurement we used was pixel-wise cosine similarity. It is used to measure how similar the output and the ground truth images are",
+    "alt": "A visualization of pixel-wise cosine similarity, used to quantify how similar the generated image is to the ground truth image."
+  }
+]
+{% end %}
+
+[The Python notebook for Image super-resolution in Colab]( https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1RlgIKJmX8Omz9CTktX7cdIV_BwarUFpv?usp=sharing)
+
+### MTCNN (Application and Comparison of a 2016 Paper)
+
+Here, you can also have a look at another, much smaller project, where we rebuilt a rather classical Machine learning approach for face detection. Here, we use preexisting libraries to demonstrate the difference in efficacy of approaches, showing that Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN) was one of the best-performing approaches in 2016. Since I invested much more love and work into the above project, I would prefer for you to check that one out, in case two projects are too much.
+
+[Face detection using a classical AI Approach (Recreation of a 2016 Paper)](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1uNGsVZ0Q42JRNa3BuI4W-JNJHaXD26bu?usp=sharing)

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2021-03-01-philosophy/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Übersetzung: Philosophy"
+date = 2021-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "A selection of my weekly commentaries from philosophical seminars at the University of Osnabrück"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = ["alison jaggar", "elizabeth anderson", "elsa dorlin", "epistemology", "ethics", "feminism", "francois ewald", "judith butler", "josé medina", "michael foucault", "miranda fricker", "normativity", "phenomenology", "philosophy", "philosophy of emotions", "postphenomenology", "private", "university of osnabrück", "values in science"]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+## Critical considerations during my studies
+
+I have attended a fair share of philosophical seminars in my studies and consider it a core topic connected both to science and to digital environments.
+Normative and feminist social theory, as well as the theory of science and phenomenology, are all brought to me through seminar formats at university and made up a good part of my education there.
+I find it hard to properly demonstrate what interests me without presenting often long-winded and dull term papers.
+The courses I loved most also often had a format with a weekly hand-in, where students are asked to comment on the paper they just read to identify points to carry into next week's discussion. I am incredibly thankful for this methodology of approaching complex philosophical works, often complete books with supplicant essays surrounding the course topic. In my opinion, nearly all of the value created during these seminars is contained within the live discussions fed by reading materials and little opinion pieces in the form of forum comments. That's why I decided to share here a selection of these weekly commentaries and the sources they are based upon. They are often unrefined and informal, but they indicate the centerpiece of the seminars and demonstrate many thought processes that happened within me during these sessions. Although I took only a small selection, in sum they are a substantial read. Feel free to just skip through and read what catches your interest.
+
+
+## Forum entries from the Seminar: Critical Epistemologies
+
+### On Anderson: Institutions
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Epistemic Justice as a Virtue of Social Institutions
+Elizabeth Anderson (2012) Epistemic Justice as a Virtue of Social Institutions, Social Epistemology, 26:2, 163-173,
+DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2011.652211 [Publication](https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2011.652211)
+{% end %}
+
+The text by Anderson helped shed light on a few issues I stumbled over with Frickers Account. On top of the various issues I and seemingly others have with her virtue-based approach, I think a utilitarian angle is worth considering. That would be: okay, I accept that people can help fight injustice by realising their privilege, showing restraint, silencing themselves, and adopting the benevolent listening approach. I think that is a practical, virtuous, and realistic endeavour.
+But is it the effective path to alleviating structural injustice? I think not, and initially, that is a major reason I discarded Fricker’s approach, although I saw merit. I have similar concerns to Anderson in the scalability of virtues. Virtuous behavior might help my personal well-being, it gives me normative elevation and might even further the quality of relationships I have. But is it applicable to society, is it enough to counteract structural injustice?
+Well, maybe, assuming that:
+
+1. Everyone realizes their privilege,
+2. Everyone concludes that justice is the right goal,
+3. Upon deciding to adopt a virtuous stance, everyone at least moderately succeeds in practicing what they preach.
+
+I think, for society, the same society that came up with patriarchy in the first place, external pressure, some measure independent of the convictedness of the subjects is needed.
+Anderson made the powerful point of: “Anything that works, goes”, which took me some time to appreciate. I am always angry when I get told to keep my shower to a minimum or stop using plastic straws when I know exactly that my using less water is nothing compared to the institutionalized practice of Coca-Cola putting water into bottles. I feel like it is unjustified to ask me to save water while others triple their output, for performance.
+The same thing applies to Epistemic injustices. It strikes me how much energy it costs to keep up virtuous behavior individually and how little effect there is to show for it. I do not believe in “trickling up” where institutions will eventually adopt individual practices.
+Is Fricker thereby less right in her point? No, it adds up, as an entire population showering shorter adds up to lots of water saved.
+Anderson also points out how locally innocent biases can create injustice on a “macro” scale. Another indicator for me is that local virtue is not the sole solution, as it can still feed and sustain a system enforcing epistemic injustice.
+
+I still have doubts about what to do now with my ideas, on how the world looks that I want. I lack the imagination of seeing a world that is epistemically just, and it is hard to strive for something one cannot even imagine. The system is inherently leaning toward inequality, if I try to balance something on a needle, it will only go well so long, before small imbalances create chain reactions and the object should be called unstable. Should we even succeed in “resetting” society, creating equal participation for each subject, how will it remain just? Is Justice always a conjunct of Equality? Are there ways to achieve real Justice without needing equality?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Tuesday 14. July 2020, 17:45
+{% end %}
+
+### On Medina, the informant and the inquirer
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Dr. José Medina (2012) Hermeneutical Injustice and Polyphonic Contextualism: Social Silences and Shared Hermeneutical Responsibilities, Social Epistemology, 26:2, 201-220, DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2011.652214
+[Publication](https://www.ias.edu/sites/default/files/sss/pdfs/Crisis-and-Critique-2018-19/medina_imposed_silences.pdf)
+{% end %}
+
+My biggest takeaway here was that, as I tried to hint at in an earlier comment,
+Whenever we talk about justice, this necessarily refers to a relational concept, where everybody has a double role to ensure successful communication. Medina calls these the inquirer and the informant. So, every individual has to make sure to act to her capacity as an epistemologically sound knowledge-acquiring agent (the inquirer). This would involve knowing when and how to falsify/qualify statements, making inferences about the theory of mind, and generally comparing different statements. The other role is the informant, where the individual should have the capacity to function as an object in an inquiry by another.
+Very roughly this can, I think, be compared to any good communication model, where there are a listener and a speaker, and both have to function. What was new here, or at least came out more clear is that it not only depends on the capacity of both of these roles on the subject, but it is also directly dependent on the “other”, the agent opposite of the subject. We may call this other society later but it helps me to visualize the other as an individual nonetheless. Where the analogy to communication now fails, in my opinion, is this cross-dependence, where an agent does not fully determine her capacity to act both as an inquirer and as an informant, it is co-determined by the “other”. So, if I, as an “other”, listen to someone's statements, and I fail or refuse to understand the epistemic content of the message, I am not only impairing my epistemic agency, but I also hurt the epistemic agency of the subject. Maybe obvious to most, but this thought struck me as being exactly the point of leverage for dysfunctionalities in power relations.
+Also argued convincingly in the paper was that these are distinct and independent agencies, which can be impairing an individual separately.
+Overall, the Medina text was incredibly helpful after the somewhat confusing Fricker text that felt incomplete and left a lot of questions for me. The medina text picked up all my initial doubts, that I couldn't properly formulate, and many more, while still holding to the general framework of Fricker.
+Although I was not convinced by the Fricker Text, I tend to think the strategy:
+
+ "When in doubt, give the subject full epistemic credibility"
+
+Is a good strategy that might alleviate a lot of issues regarding functions of power, and hierarchy, but also further, it might be a good counter for things as our confirmation bias, expectation bias and many individual errors that we could minimize by constantly exposing ourselves to falsifiability through others (voluntarily). Sounds like science applied to agency to me.
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Thursday 09. July 2020, 11:25
+{% end %}
+
+### On Jaggar: Norms, Outlaw Emotions, and the Ideal Society
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Alison M. Jaggar (1989) Love and knowledge: Emotion in feminist epistemology, Inquiry, 32:2, 151-176, DOI: 10.1080/00201748908602185
+[Publication](https://doi.org/10.1080/00201748908602185)
+{% end %}
+
+I found Jaggar to be a very wholesome read, it was the perfect amount of grounded argumentative structure and felt very connected as a whole. This was, together with the ideas from Lugones the best and most fruitful paper for me.
+On outlaw emotions:
+First, I hate the term, I think it’s placative and fails to frame the (actually nice) idea behind it.
+Outlaw Emotions are all those emotions incompatible with the dominant norms. That’s a huge field to cover, among feminist emotions they would also encompass emotions that are irrational or “faulty”. So, Jaggar does the term Justice by saying, some, but not all Outlaw Emotions are Feminist emotions. To make this evident, just think of a murderer's joy for killing, it is of no feminist interest to dissect, yet it is against dominant values. So, experiencing Outlaw emotions is a (probably) necessary, but not sufficient condition for feminism. The incompatible emotion serves to create discourse and change.
+Jaggar convincingly shows how emotions have a direct influence on beliefs and can validly constitute evidence, while simultaneously validly influencing values in a similar manner.
+When we talk about dominant/alternative norms, we already endorse hierarchy in society. We acknowledge its existence, simply by identifying the dominant norm. I am not quite sure what exactly Jaggar proposes we should do with the hierarchy structures in society. Explicitly I can read: Subcultures rejecting dominant norms should be formed, to create counterbalances and a somewhat fair discourse over the topic.
+“How can we determine which outlaw emotions are to be endorsed or encouraged and which rejected? In what sense can we say that some emotional responses are more appropriate than others? What reason is there for supposing that certain alternative perceptions of the world, perceptions informed by outlaw emotions, are to be preferred to perceptions informed by conventional emotions? Here I can indicate only the general direction of an answer, whose full elaboration must await another occasion. I suggest that emotions are appropriate if they are characteristic of a society in which all Human Life (and perhaps some nonhuman life, too) thrive, or if they are conducive to establishing such a society.”
+To me this passage sounds sketchy at best, there is no indication of how to successfully separate appropriate from inappropriate emotions. Roughly, I read this part as: emotions are warranted iff they increase the balance of power. (equivalent to minimizing the height of the hierarchy) I would love to get to read this “other occasion” because it seems indefensible to me to formulate a norm that states: Accept only emotions which eliminate/diminish norms.
+The idea roughly resembles Rawls's Minimax Principle, where a policy should be implemented iff the benefit for the most disadvantaged is highest.
+Another thing I found helpful is her reformulation of what norms do:
+“Dominant Norms tend to serve dominant interests”
+til here nothing new, this is a tautology for me, I understand norms as identical to dominant interests, that’s literally what norms are.
+Is an alternative, suppressed norm even thinkable? Isn't it inherent in a norm that it be the dominant one?
+But then, after that: "Whatever our color / gender / class / sexual orientation, we are likely to adopt the dominant value of racist, classist, homophobe, misogynistic white men."
+This was rather helpful to me, as it reframes the “act” of oppression as the “likelihood of value distribution” being skewed in your favor, making everybody’s values more likely to be similar to yours. This nicely illustrates how a system can be hierarchical and oppressive, without anybody actively, intentionally “acting oppressive”, while still perpetuating oppression. I'm
+not saying everybody is acting unintentionally oppressive, but it is always hard to imagine for me to picture "White Men" forming a group and collectively deciding on who to hate this coming season, Conceptually separating "being oppressed" and "oppressing" into phenomena
+without necessary inherent causal relation makes sense to me here.
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Tuesday 23. June 2020, 18:52
+{% end %}
+
+## Forum entries from the Seminar: Critical Philosophy of Subjectivity 1: Michel Foucault
+
+### On Butler: Constituting norms =/= carrying normative responsibilities for their existence
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Butler, J. (2004). Undoing Gender (1st ed.). Routledge. <https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203499627>
+[Publication](https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203499627)
+{% end %}
+
+Citation from Butler, Page 51, citing Ewald, which is, in turn, interpreting Foucault:
+
+> The norm integrates anything which might attempt to go beyond it—nothing, nobody, whatever difference it might display, can ever claim to be exterior, or claim to possess an otherness which would actually make it other”
+> <cite><a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2928449">(Norms, Discipline, and the Law, P.173)</a></cite>
+
+Such a view suggests that any opposition to the norm is already
+contained within the norm, and is crucial to its functioning.
+
+Here, for me, the entire futility of the approach later identified and described is condensed into a few sentences.
+
+> Hence, regulations that seek merely to curb certain specified activities (sexual harassment, welfare fraud, sexual speech) perform another activity that, for the most part, remains unmarked: the production of the parameters of personhood, that is, making persons according to abstract norms that at once condition and exceed the lives they make—and break.
+> <cite>Page 56, final sentence</cite>
+
+The idea that it is impossible to legislatively regulate norms without propelling, propagating, and carving them out deeper resonates with me, but at the same time, it has left me undecided on how to proceed.
+I understand the first citation to clearly be Ewald's interpretation of things and am not sure whether Foucault's careful circumvention of the term "Norms" is related to anticipation of this argument.
+
+Further, I am not sure I share Ewald's interpretation; I see that the object "othered" by a norm is a constituent and necessary object for the norm, simply due to its "comparative" nature (p. 51, citation from Ewald).
+The oppressed may well be as constituting of norms as the privileged, but this does not translate to a normative responsibility nor a pang of guilt in my opinion. The dangerous argument that the oppressed bear responsibility for their situation is too close for my taste. I would like to emphasize a clear cut between constituting and reinforcing a norm and thriving on it.
+Yes, maybe that is a good location to make the cut: The normative and ethical pressure, or better, the guilt of complicity lies with the ones thriving BECAUSE of a norm and clearly not with those thriving DESPITE OF a norm.
+I would think that Butler makes a similar argument elsewhere, but as such, I was missing it here, resulting in a very bleak and hopeless situation where any struggle to change the status quo through legislation is doomed and inevitably propagates and reinvents stable unfair relations of power.
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 23. January 2022, 14:23
+{% end %}
+
+### On Ewald: What, then, is a norm?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: François Ewald; Norms, Discipline, and the Law. Representations 1 April 1990; 30 138–161. doi: <https://doi.org/10.2307/2928449>
+[Publication](https://doi.org/10.2307/2928449)
+{% end %}
+
+Some tiny details about norms that stuck out to me about the norm were that: 1: they are fictional and thus, an object conforming to a norm is not more meaningful than an object not conforming to a norm. 2: the entire given set comprises the norm, the deviations play a defining role in the formation of the norm itself (or an average).
+p. 152: Under norm, 3 phenomena are subsumed: Discipline,
+less as a constraint, but more as a regulatory mechanism insurance,
+Reducing objects to their relative occurrence, distributing risk. and standardization.
+The norm has three defining features:
+
+- positivism,
+as reliant on facts, which have an aura of objectivity around them.
+- relativity,
+they are neither absolute nor universal, they have a scope, both in definition as a certain temporal extension.
+- polarity
+involving a classification between the normal and the abnormal, where the abnormal is to be some handicap, not attaining something that the normal does attain.
+
+What, then, is a norm?
+
+> It is a way for a group to provide itself with a common denominator in accordance with a rigorous principle of self-referentiality, with no recourse to any kind of external reference point, either in the form of an idea or an object. The normative process can obey a variety of different logics: the panoptical logic of discipline, the probabilistic schema of insurance, or the communicative logic of the technical norm. These three logics have the same form: in each case, the rule which serves as a norm, by virtue of which everyone can measure, evaluate, and identify himself or herself, will be derived from those for whom it will serve as a standard. A strange logic, this, which forces the group to turn back in upon itself and which, from the moment it establishes itself, will let no one escape its purview.
+> <cite>p. 154</cite>
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 16. January 2022, 18:48
+{% end %}
+
+### On Foucault: The effects without effector
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Michael Foucault. Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972–1977. Pantheon, New York, 1980.
+[Publication](http://freudians.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Roundtable-Confession-of-the-Flesh.pdf)
+{% end %}
+
+> one finds all sorts of support mechanisms [...] which invent, modify and re-adjust, according to the circumstances of the moment and the place- so that you get a coherent, rational strategy, but one for which it is no longer possible to identify a person who conceived it.
+> <cite>p. 203</cite>
+
+In this passage, and the one following it, I think Foucault pinpoints as one of the central attributes of the apparatus (or dispositif) the arbitrariness of the order of power relations. There is no identity having to undergo some sort of inventive process to start off a collective change, a "strategy" just happens to meet the criteria for deployment.
+
+> But between the strategy which fixes, reproduces, multiplies and accentuates existing relations of forces, and the class which thereby finds itself in a ruling position, there is a reciprocal relation of production. Thus one can say that the strategy of moralising the working class is that of the bourgeoisie. One can even say that it's the strategy which allows the bourgeois class to be the bourgeois class and to exercise its domination. But what I don't think one can say is that it's the bourgeois class on the level of its ideology or its economic project which, as a sort of at once real and fictive subject, invented and forcibly imposed this strategy on the working class.
+
+This was for me the most powerful grasp of what an apparatus is. A complicated removal of the effector from the effect.
+I struggle to continue to find any substance to the relations of the classes. Does reciprocal mean anything more than both are constitutive of each other? One produces the means of reproduction of the other, but where exactly can I apply moral judgements?
+This whole ordeal and now I lack subjects to blame.
+How can this theory possibly bring about change in society? Is that even its goal? Do we undergo this analysis in order to make society better in the end?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 12. December 2021, 22:01
+{% end %}
+
+## Forum entries from the Seminar: Is political violence justifiable? Reading Judith Butler and Elsa Dorlin
+
+### On Dorlin
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Dorlin, Elsa. Se défendre: une philosophie de la violence. Zones, 2017.
+[Publication (Not yet translated to English)](https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=MD05DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT7&dq=dorlin+se+defendre+book&ots=gVZ7VSU867&sig=tMn1dRVSJDkUMBmmtMJOgT8JhcQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=dorlin%20se%20defendre%20book&f=false)
+{% end %}
+
+From the seventh chapter in Dorlins "Self-Defense", I found the idea that safe spaces are actually prone to be counterproductive very strong.
+I think the discussion around whether safe spaces are an effective tool that is appropriate on top is a rather current and ongoing one.
+In so many other words, Dorlin here opens up the idea that the creation of a safe space always implies a hostile "outside" or other space.
+Further, Dorling sees as problematic that safe spaces will often experience problematic situations when trying to self-govern. The line of thought here is that safe spaces often explicitly reject the authority of traditional state bodies, since those exactly are identified as the oppressive force. This is problematic because then the community inside the safe space has to recreate social norms from scratch and qua definition of a safe space end up being much more restrictive and monitoring, tapping also into potentially extreme measurements for "enforcing" safety.
+Dorlin notes that by doing this, societal oppressive norms can end up becoming reproduced through the very instance created to shelter from it.
+I think this opens up 2 points worth discussing:
+Are there limits to the self-governance of leftist groups? How can self-governance be made possible without recreating some hierarchy or other?
+Does this ignore that safe spaces can sometimes be essential for survival? According to Dorlin, the alternative seems to be to instead of building sheltered, isolated safe spaces, the fight has to occur in the public, transforming the entire space without the necessity for exclusive logic. How can we argue this? Could there be an oppressed position from whence any aggressive stance towards the public forbids itself? (I think there is!) For me this seems like putting the entire burden of transformational potential on the oppressed individual, enabling a position like: "Well, the person did not object or introduce change, so the person implied consent."
+Will a public fight cause more harm being fought than it will save after introducing change? And who are we to calculate this beforehand?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 05. December 2021, 15:52
+{% end %}
+
+## Weekly hand in from the Seminar: Soziale Erkenntnistheorie
+
+### On Fricker: Epistemic Injustice
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Fricker, Miranda. Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing. Oxford University Press, 2007.
+[Publication](https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=lncSDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=fricker+epistemic+injustice+2007&ots=3fJ9TIK4T2&sig=JGCMR2YYUhjRc62DPEnf2yWDnjU&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=fricker%20epistemic%20injustice%202007&f=false)
+{% end %}
+
+1. Worin unterscheiden sich inferentialistische von nicht-inferentialistischen Theorien der testimonialen Erkenntnis (d.h. des Wissens durch das Zeugniss andere)?
+
+Inferentialistische Theorien gehen davon aus, dass die eigentliche Inferenz, also die Generierung eines neuen Epistems im Subjekt stattfindet. Konkret heisst dass, dass Ich die Aussage P einer dritten Person erst in irgendeiner Weise vor mir selbst rechtfertigen muss, bevor ich sie selbst verwenden kann. Ist die Aussage nun 2 + 2 = 4, muss ich also mit allen mir zur Verfügung stehenden Mitteln selbst überprüfen, ob diese Aussage Wahrheits- und Kohärenzkriterien erfüllt. Ich muss also beispielsweise über darunterliegende Axiome, die mir bekannt sind, die Aussage extern (ausserhalb von Person X hat das gesagt, also kann Ich das glauben) überprüfen. Im simplen Beispiel also konkret das Ergebnis berechnen. Wenn man so will, liegt also immer die “Beweislast” für meine eigenen Episteme bei mir und ich kann diesen Beweisaufwand nur begrenzt auslagern. Eine sehr direkte Folge davon wäre, dass jeglicher Erkenntnisgewinn mit erheblicher, bewusster oder unbewusster Arbeit verbunden ist.
+Dies wäre die wahrscheinlich logisch stringentere Theorie, gegen sie spricht aber die Phänomenologie eines Erkenntisgewinns. Eine Erkenntnis kommt uns oft vor wie ein “Heureka” Moment, wir “finden” sie, plötzlich ist sie da und wir können mit ihr arbeiten.
+Eine nicht-inferentialistische Theorie legt ebendiese Beweislast nicht im Subjekt an, ich habe eine Erlaubnis, oder besser, ein Recht auf a-priori Annahme der Richtigkeit der Aussage. “Person X hat mir P gesagt, also kann ich P verwenden” ist nun valide und bedarf erstmal keiner weiteren Überprüfung auf Richtigkeit. Diese Argumentationslinie ist deutlich kompatibler mit der phänomenologischen Erfahrung einer Erkenntnis vim Alltag. Wir stoßen aber auf deutlich größere Probleme, wenn wir uns fragen, woher eigentlich unser Recht auf Wahrheitsannahme von Drittaussagen kommt. Klar, 2+2=4, weil der Prof das an die Tafel geschrieben hat, ist die “schlechtere” Begründung als zu sagen, dass das Ergebnis aus gewissen mathematischen Axiomen deduziert wurde.
+
+2. Formulieren Sie jeweils einen Einwand gegen beide Theorien.
+
+Wir befinden uns also nun in der Spannung der phänomenalistischen “Heureka” Erfahrung des Findens von Epistemen (in nicht-inferentiellen Systemen) und dem Problem der schwachen Justifizierung von Aussagen gegenüber der erhöhten Stringenz eines epistemischen Systems, dass externe (logische, probabilistische, normative etc.) Gründe für Aussagen zur Verfügung stellt, aber einen schier unüberwindbaren rechnerischen Aufwand darstellt. Auch das Problem der ersten Begründung bleibt bestehen. Angenommen, ich weiß noch nichts, habe bisher null Episteme gesammelt, wie wird das erste Epistem, das ich finde, begründbar sein?
+
+3. Worin besteht doxastische Verantwortung (doxastic responsibility) nach F und Ihrer eigenen Meinung nach.
+
+Doxastische Verantwortung ist die Verantwortung für die Begründbarkeit des eigenen Nezwerkes aus Epistemen. Wenn mich also jemand fragt: Warum glaubst du das?, ist es sozial im Allgemeinen erwartbar, dass ich darauf eine Antwort liefern kann. Und wie wir eben schon am Beispiel der Begründung für 2+2=4 gesehen haben, scheint es hier “bessere” und weniger gute Gründe zu geben, das heisst, eine Person kann zur Verantwortung gezogen werden, unzureichend begründete Episteme fallen zu lassen und eine gewisse Grenze zu ziehen, eine mindest erwartbare Begründung. Diese kann sehr wahrscheinlich nicht universell formuliert werden. Eine Regel wie: Alle Bürger dürfen nur noch Aussagen weiterverwenden, denen sie eine mindestens 90-prozentige Wahrheitswarscheinlichkeit attestieren, ist aus diversen Gründen problematisch.
+Frickers Auffassung Doxastischer Verantwortung ist insofern speziell, als dass sie eine deutliche Verbindung moralischer Verantwortung (die wir offensichtlich alle in irgendeiner Form tragen) und Doxastischer Verantwortung sieht. Sogar die Gründe sind oft überlappend. Eine Gute Moralische Begründung, die zum Beispiel der Wahrhaftigkeit, scheint ganz offensichtlich auch eine gute doxastische begründung zu sein. Diese Parallelität zieht Fricker heran, um neo-aristotelianische Moralbegründuungen auch auf epistemischer Ebene wirksam zu machen.
+Ich lasse mich da gern Überzeugen von Ihr und erache es als sinnvoll Doxastische Verantwortung in gewisser Weise moralisch bindend zu machen. Intuitiv wissen wir ja auch, dass unsere Erwartung, dass dritte wahrhaftig mit uns interagieren, auf Gegenseitigkeit beruht und das leben nicht nur normativ, sondern auch auf epistemischer Ebene “verbessert”. Dies liefert auch eine recht simplistesche Rechtfertigung, annehmen zu können, dass Dritte mir die Wahreit sagen. Ich tue ja auch immer mein Bestes, warum also die anderen nicht?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on 05.01.2021
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2021-03-01-philosophy/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
++++
+title = "Philosophy"
+date = 2021-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "A selection of my weekly commentaries from philosophical seminars at the University of Osnabrück"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = ["alison jaggar", "elizabeth anderson", "elsa dorlin", "epistemology", "ethics", "feminism", "francois ewald", "judith butler", "josé medina", "michael foucault", "miranda fricker", "normativity", "phenomenology", "philosophy", "philosophy of emotions", "postphenomenology", "private", "university of osnabrück", "values in science"]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+## Critical considerations during my studies
+
+I have attended a fair share of philosophical seminars in my studies and consider it a core topic connected both to science and to digital environments.
+Normative and feminist social theory, as well as the theory of science and phenomenology, are all brought to me through seminar formats at university and made up a good part of my education there.
+I find it hard to properly demonstrate what interests me without presenting often long-winded and dull term papers.
+The courses I loved most also often had a format with a weekly hand-in, where students are asked to comment on the paper they just read to identify points to carry into next week's discussion. I am incredibly thankful for this methodology of approaching complex philosophical works, often complete books with supplicant essays surrounding the course topic. In my opinion, nearly all of the value created during these seminars is contained within the live discussions fed by reading materials and little opinion pieces in the form of forum comments. That's why I decided to share here a selection of these weekly commentaries and the sources they are based upon. They are often unrefined and informal, but they indicate the centerpiece of the seminars and demonstrate many thought processes that happened within me during these sessions. Although I took only a small selection, in sum they are a substantial read. Feel free to just skip through and read what catches your interest.
+
+
+## Forum entries from the Seminar: Critical Epistemologies
+
+### On Anderson: Institutions
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Epistemic Justice as a Virtue of Social Institutions
+Elizabeth Anderson (2012) Epistemic Justice as a Virtue of Social Institutions, Social Epistemology, 26:2, 163-173,
+DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2011.652211 [Publication](https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2011.652211)
+{% end %}
+
+The text by Anderson helped shed light on a few issues I stumbled over with Frickers Account. On top of the various issues I and seemingly others have with her virtue-based approach, I think a utilitarian angle is worth considering. That would be: okay, I accept that people can help fight injustice by realising their privilege, showing restraint, silencing themselves, and adopting the benevolent listening approach. I think that is a practical, virtuous, and realistic endeavour.
+But is it the effective path to alleviating structural injustice? I think not, and initially, that is a major reason I discarded Fricker’s approach, although I saw merit. I have similar concerns to Anderson in the scalability of virtues. Virtuous behavior might help my personal well-being, it gives me normative elevation and might even further the quality of relationships I have. But is it applicable to society, is it enough to counteract structural injustice?
+Well, maybe, assuming that:
+
+1. Everyone realizes their privilege,
+2. Everyone concludes that justice is the right goal,
+3. Upon deciding to adopt a virtuous stance, everyone at least moderately succeeds in practicing what they preach.
+
+I think, for society, the same society that came up with patriarchy in the first place, external pressure, some measure independent of the convictedness of the subjects is needed.
+Anderson made the powerful point of: “Anything that works, goes”, which took me some time to appreciate. I am always angry when I get told to keep my shower to a minimum or stop using plastic straws when I know exactly that my using less water is nothing compared to the institutionalized practice of Coca-Cola putting water into bottles. I feel like it is unjustified to ask me to save water while others triple their output, for performance.
+The same thing applies to Epistemic injustices. It strikes me how much energy it costs to keep up virtuous behavior individually and how little effect there is to show for it. I do not believe in “trickling up” where institutions will eventually adopt individual practices.
+Is Fricker thereby less right in her point? No, it adds up, as an entire population showering shorter adds up to lots of water saved.
+Anderson also points out how locally innocent biases can create injustice on a “macro” scale. Another indicator for me is that local virtue is not the sole solution, as it can still feed and sustain a system enforcing epistemic injustice.
+
+I still have doubts about what to do now with my ideas, on how the world looks that I want. I lack the imagination of seeing a world that is epistemically just, and it is hard to strive for something one cannot even imagine. The system is inherently leaning toward inequality, if I try to balance something on a needle, it will only go well so long, before small imbalances create chain reactions and the object should be called unstable. Should we even succeed in “resetting” society, creating equal participation for each subject, how will it remain just? Is Justice always a conjunct of Equality? Are there ways to achieve real Justice without needing equality?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Tuesday 14. July 2020, 17:45
+{% end %}
+
+### On Medina, the informant and the inquirer
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Dr. José Medina (2012) Hermeneutical Injustice and Polyphonic Contextualism: Social Silences and Shared Hermeneutical Responsibilities, Social Epistemology, 26:2, 201-220, DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2011.652214
+[Publication](https://www.ias.edu/sites/default/files/sss/pdfs/Crisis-and-Critique-2018-19/medina_imposed_silences.pdf)
+{% end %}
+
+My biggest takeaway here was that, as I tried to hint at in an earlier comment,
+Whenever we talk about justice, this necessarily refers to a relational concept, where everybody has a double role to ensure successful communication. Medina calls these the inquirer and the informant. So, every individual has to make sure to act to her capacity as an epistemologically sound knowledge-acquiring agent (the inquirer). This would involve knowing when and how to falsify/qualify statements, making inferences about the theory of mind, and generally comparing different statements. The other role is the informant, where the individual should have the capacity to function as an object in an inquiry by another.
+Very roughly this can, I think, be compared to any good communication model, where there are a listener and a speaker, and both have to function. What was new here, or at least came out more clear is that it not only depends on the capacity of both of these roles on the subject, but it is also directly dependent on the “other”, the agent opposite of the subject. We may call this other society later but it helps me to visualize the other as an individual nonetheless. Where the analogy to communication now fails, in my opinion, is this cross-dependence, where an agent does not fully determine her capacity to act both as an inquirer and as an informant, it is co-determined by the “other”. So, if I, as an “other”, listen to someone's statements, and I fail or refuse to understand the epistemic content of the message, I am not only impairing my epistemic agency, but I also hurt the epistemic agency of the subject. Maybe obvious to most, but this thought struck me as being exactly the point of leverage for dysfunctionalities in power relations.
+Also argued convincingly in the paper was that these are distinct and independent agencies, which can be impairing an individual separately.
+Overall, the Medina text was incredibly helpful after the somewhat confusing Fricker text that felt incomplete and left a lot of questions for me. The medina text picked up all my initial doubts, that I couldn't properly formulate, and many more, while still holding to the general framework of Fricker.
+Although I was not convinced by the Fricker Text, I tend to think the strategy:
+
+ "When in doubt, give the subject full epistemic credibility"
+
+Is a good strategy that might alleviate a lot of issues regarding functions of power, and hierarchy, but also further, it might be a good counter for things as our confirmation bias, expectation bias and many individual errors that we could minimize by constantly exposing ourselves to falsifiability through others (voluntarily). Sounds like science applied to agency to me.
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Thursday 09. July 2020, 11:25
+{% end %}
+
+### On Jaggar: Norms, Outlaw Emotions, and the Ideal Society
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Alison M. Jaggar (1989) Love and knowledge: Emotion in feminist epistemology, Inquiry, 32:2, 151-176, DOI: 10.1080/00201748908602185
+[Publication](https://doi.org/10.1080/00201748908602185)
+{% end %}
+
+I found Jaggar to be a very wholesome read, it was the perfect amount of grounded argumentative structure and felt very connected as a whole. This was, together with the ideas from Lugones the best and most fruitful paper for me.
+On outlaw emotions:
+First, I hate the term, I think it’s placative and fails to frame the (actually nice) idea behind it.
+Outlaw Emotions are all those emotions incompatible with the dominant norms. That’s a huge field to cover, among feminist emotions they would also encompass emotions that are irrational or “faulty”. So, Jaggar does the term Justice by saying, some, but not all Outlaw Emotions are Feminist emotions. To make this evident, just think of a murderer's joy for killing, it is of no feminist interest to dissect, yet it is against dominant values. So, experiencing Outlaw emotions is a (probably) necessary, but not sufficient condition for feminism. The incompatible emotion serves to create discourse and change.
+Jaggar convincingly shows how emotions have a direct influence on beliefs and can validly constitute evidence, while simultaneously validly influencing values in a similar manner.
+When we talk about dominant/alternative norms, we already endorse hierarchy in society. We acknowledge its existence, simply by identifying the dominant norm. I am not quite sure what exactly Jaggar proposes we should do with the hierarchy structures in society. Explicitly I can read: Subcultures rejecting dominant norms should be formed, to create counterbalances and a somewhat fair discourse over the topic.
+“How can we determine which outlaw emotions are to be endorsed or encouraged and which rejected? In what sense can we say that some emotional responses are more appropriate than others? What reason is there for supposing that certain alternative perceptions of the world, perceptions informed by outlaw emotions, are to be preferred to perceptions informed by conventional emotions? Here I can indicate only the general direction of an answer, whose full elaboration must await another occasion. I suggest that emotions are appropriate if they are characteristic of a society in which all Human Life (and perhaps some nonhuman life, too) thrive, or if they are conducive to establishing such a society.”
+To me this passage sounds sketchy at best, there is no indication of how to successfully separate appropriate from inappropriate emotions. Roughly, I read this part as: emotions are warranted iff they increase the balance of power. (equivalent to minimizing the height of the hierarchy) I would love to get to read this “other occasion” because it seems indefensible to me to formulate a norm that states: Accept only emotions which eliminate/diminish norms.
+The idea roughly resembles Rawls's Minimax Principle, where a policy should be implemented iff the benefit for the most disadvantaged is highest.
+Another thing I found helpful is her reformulation of what norms do:
+“Dominant Norms tend to serve dominant interests”
+til here nothing new, this is a tautology for me, I understand norms as identical to dominant interests, that’s literally what norms are.
+Is an alternative, suppressed norm even thinkable? Isn't it inherent in a norm that it be the dominant one?
+But then, after that: "Whatever our color / gender / class / sexual orientation, we are likely to adopt the dominant value of racist, classist, homophobe, misogynistic white men."
+This was rather helpful to me, as it reframes the “act” of oppression as the “likelihood of value distribution” being skewed in your favor, making everybody’s values more likely to be similar to yours. This nicely illustrates how a system can be hierarchical and oppressive, without anybody actively, intentionally “acting oppressive”, while still perpetuating oppression. I'm
+not saying everybody is acting unintentionally oppressive, but it is always hard to imagine for me to picture "White Men" forming a group and collectively deciding on who to hate this coming season, Conceptually separating "being oppressed" and "oppressing" into phenomena
+without necessary inherent causal relation makes sense to me here.
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Tuesday 23. June 2020, 18:52
+{% end %}
+
+## Forum entries from the Seminar: Critical Philosophy of Subjectivity 1: Michel Foucault
+
+### On Butler: Constituting norms =/= carrying normative responsibilities for their existence
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Butler, J. (2004). Undoing Gender (1st ed.). Routledge. <https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203499627>
+[Publication](https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203499627)
+{% end %}
+
+Citation from Butler, Page 51, citing Ewald, which is, in turn, interpreting Foucault:
+
+> The norm integrates anything which might attempt to go beyond it—nothing, nobody, whatever difference it might display, can ever claim to be exterior, or claim to possess an otherness which would actually make it other”
+> <cite><a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2928449">(Norms, Discipline, and the Law, P.173)</a></cite>
+
+Such a view suggests that any opposition to the norm is already
+contained within the norm, and is crucial to its functioning.
+
+Here, for me, the entire futility of the approach later identified and described is condensed into a few sentences.
+
+> Hence, regulations that seek merely to curb certain specified activities (sexual harassment, welfare fraud, sexual speech) perform another activity that, for the most part, remains unmarked: the production of the parameters of personhood, that is, making persons according to abstract norms that at once condition and exceed the lives they make—and break.
+> <cite>Page 56, final sentence</cite>
+
+The idea that it is impossible to legislatively regulate norms without propelling, propagating, and carving them out deeper resonates with me, but at the same time, it has left me undecided on how to proceed.
+I understand the first citation to clearly be Ewald's interpretation of things and am not sure whether Foucault's careful circumvention of the term "Norms" is related to anticipation of this argument.
+
+Further, I am not sure I share Ewald's interpretation; I see that the object "othered" by a norm is a constituent and necessary object for the norm, simply due to its "comparative" nature (p. 51, citation from Ewald).
+The oppressed may well be as constituting of norms as the privileged, but this does not translate to a normative responsibility nor a pang of guilt in my opinion. The dangerous argument that the oppressed bear responsibility for their situation is too close for my taste. I would like to emphasize a clear cut between constituting and reinforcing a norm and thriving on it.
+Yes, maybe that is a good location to make the cut: The normative and ethical pressure, or better, the guilt of complicity lies with the ones thriving BECAUSE of a norm and clearly not with those thriving DESPITE OF a norm.
+I would think that Butler makes a similar argument elsewhere, but as such, I was missing it here, resulting in a very bleak and hopeless situation where any struggle to change the status quo through legislation is doomed and inevitably propagates and reinvents stable unfair relations of power.
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 23. January 2022, 14:23
+{% end %}
+
+### On Ewald: What, then, is a norm?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: François Ewald; Norms, Discipline, and the Law. Representations 1 April 1990; 30 138–161. doi: <https://doi.org/10.2307/2928449>
+[Publication](https://doi.org/10.2307/2928449)
+{% end %}
+
+Some tiny details about norms that stuck out to me about the norm were that: 1: they are fictional and thus, an object conforming to a norm is not more meaningful than an object not conforming to a norm. 2: the entire given set comprises the norm, the deviations play a defining role in the formation of the norm itself (or an average).
+p. 152: Under norm, 3 phenomena are subsumed: Discipline,
+less as a constraint, but more as a regulatory mechanism insurance,
+Reducing objects to their relative occurrence, distributing risk. and standardization.
+The norm has three defining features:
+
+- positivism,
+as reliant on facts, which have an aura of objectivity around them.
+- relativity,
+they are neither absolute nor universal, they have a scope, both in definition as a certain temporal extension.
+- polarity
+involving a classification between the normal and the abnormal, where the abnormal is to be some handicap, not attaining something that the normal does attain.
+
+What, then, is a norm?
+
+> It is a way for a group to provide itself with a common denominator in accordance with a rigorous principle of self-referentiality, with no recourse to any kind of external reference point, either in the form of an idea or an object. The normative process can obey a variety of different logics: the panoptical logic of discipline, the probabilistic schema of insurance, or the communicative logic of the technical norm. These three logics have the same form: in each case, the rule which serves as a norm, by virtue of which everyone can measure, evaluate, and identify himself or herself, will be derived from those for whom it will serve as a standard. A strange logic, this, which forces the group to turn back in upon itself and which, from the moment it establishes itself, will let no one escape its purview.
+> <cite>p. 154</cite>
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 16. January 2022, 18:48
+{% end %}
+
+### On Foucault: The effects without effector
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Michael Foucault. Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972–1977. Pantheon, New York, 1980.
+[Publication](http://freudians.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Roundtable-Confession-of-the-Flesh.pdf)
+{% end %}
+
+> one finds all sorts of support mechanisms [...] which invent, modify and re-adjust, according to the circumstances of the moment and the place- so that you get a coherent, rational strategy, but one for which it is no longer possible to identify a person who conceived it.
+> <cite>p. 203</cite>
+
+In this passage, and the one following it, I think Foucault pinpoints as one of the central attributes of the apparatus (or dispositif) the arbitrariness of the order of power relations. There is no identity having to undergo some sort of inventive process to start off a collective change, a "strategy" just happens to meet the criteria for deployment.
+
+> But between the strategy which fixes, reproduces, multiplies and accentuates existing relations of forces, and the class which thereby finds itself in a ruling position, there is a reciprocal relation of production. Thus one can say that the strategy of moralising the working class is that of the bourgeoisie. One can even say that it's the strategy which allows the bourgeois class to be the bourgeois class and to exercise its domination. But what I don't think one can say is that it's the bourgeois class on the level of its ideology or its economic project which, as a sort of at once real and fictive subject, invented and forcibly imposed this strategy on the working class.
+
+This was for me the most powerful grasp of what an apparatus is. A complicated removal of the effector from the effect.
+I struggle to continue to find any substance to the relations of the classes. Does reciprocal mean anything more than both are constitutive of each other? One produces the means of reproduction of the other, but where exactly can I apply moral judgements?
+This whole ordeal and now I lack subjects to blame.
+How can this theory possibly bring about change in society? Is that even its goal? Do we undergo this analysis in order to make society better in the end?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 12. December 2021, 22:01
+{% end %}
+
+## Forum entries from the Seminar: Is political violence justifiable? Reading Judith Butler and Elsa Dorlin
+
+### On Dorlin
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Dorlin, Elsa. Se défendre: une philosophie de la violence. Zones, 2017.
+[Publication (Not yet translated to English)](https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=MD05DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT7&dq=dorlin+se+defendre+book&ots=gVZ7VSU867&sig=tMn1dRVSJDkUMBmmtMJOgT8JhcQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=dorlin%20se%20defendre%20book&f=false)
+{% end %}
+
+From the seventh chapter in Dorlins "Self-Defense", I found the idea that safe spaces are actually prone to be counterproductive very strong.
+I think the discussion around whether safe spaces are an effective tool that is appropriate on top is a rather current and ongoing one.
+In so many other words, Dorlin here opens up the idea that the creation of a safe space always implies a hostile "outside" or other space.
+Further, Dorling sees as problematic that safe spaces will often experience problematic situations when trying to self-govern. The line of thought here is that safe spaces often explicitly reject the authority of traditional state bodies, since those exactly are identified as the oppressive force. This is problematic because then the community inside the safe space has to recreate social norms from scratch and qua definition of a safe space end up being much more restrictive and monitoring, tapping also into potentially extreme measurements for "enforcing" safety.
+Dorlin notes that by doing this, societal oppressive norms can end up becoming reproduced through the very instance created to shelter from it.
+I think this opens up 2 points worth discussing:
+Are there limits to the self-governance of leftist groups? How can self-governance be made possible without recreating some hierarchy or other?
+Does this ignore that safe spaces can sometimes be essential for survival? According to Dorlin, the alternative seems to be to instead of building sheltered, isolated safe spaces, the fight has to occur in the public, transforming the entire space without the necessity for exclusive logic. How can we argue this? Could there be an oppressed position from whence any aggressive stance towards the public forbids itself? (I think there is!) For me this seems like putting the entire burden of transformational potential on the oppressed individual, enabling a position like: "Well, the person did not object or introduce change, so the person implied consent."
+Will a public fight cause more harm being fought than it will save after introducing change? And who are we to calculate this beforehand?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 05. December 2021, 15:52
+{% end %}
+
+## Weekly hand in from the Seminar: Soziale Erkenntnistheorie
+
+### On Fricker: Epistemic Injustice
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Fricker, Miranda. Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing. Oxford University Press, 2007.
+[Publication](https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=lncSDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=fricker+epistemic+injustice+2007&ots=3fJ9TIK4T2&sig=JGCMR2YYUhjRc62DPEnf2yWDnjU&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=fricker%20epistemic%20injustice%202007&f=false)
+{% end %}
+
+1. Worin unterscheiden sich inferentialistische von nicht-inferentialistischen Theorien der testimonialen Erkenntnis (d.h. des Wissens durch das Zeugniss andere)?
+
+Inferentialistische Theorien gehen davon aus, dass die eigentliche Inferenz, also die Generierung eines neuen Epistems im Subjekt stattfindet. Konkret heisst dass, dass Ich die Aussage P einer dritten Person erst in irgendeiner Weise vor mir selbst rechtfertigen muss, bevor ich sie selbst verwenden kann. Ist die Aussage nun 2 + 2 = 4, muss ich also mit allen mir zur Verfügung stehenden Mitteln selbst überprüfen, ob diese Aussage Wahrheits- und Kohärenzkriterien erfüllt. Ich muss also beispielsweise über darunterliegende Axiome, die mir bekannt sind, die Aussage extern (ausserhalb von Person X hat das gesagt, also kann Ich das glauben) überprüfen. Im simplen Beispiel also konkret das Ergebnis berechnen. Wenn man so will, liegt also immer die “Beweislast” für meine eigenen Episteme bei mir und ich kann diesen Beweisaufwand nur begrenzt auslagern. Eine sehr direkte Folge davon wäre, dass jeglicher Erkenntnisgewinn mit erheblicher, bewusster oder unbewusster Arbeit verbunden ist.
+Dies wäre die wahrscheinlich logisch stringentere Theorie, gegen sie spricht aber die Phänomenologie eines Erkenntisgewinns. Eine Erkenntnis kommt uns oft vor wie ein “Heureka” Moment, wir “finden” sie, plötzlich ist sie da und wir können mit ihr arbeiten.
+Eine nicht-inferentialistische Theorie legt ebendiese Beweislast nicht im Subjekt an, ich habe eine Erlaubnis, oder besser, ein Recht auf a-priori Annahme der Richtigkeit der Aussage. “Person X hat mir P gesagt, also kann ich P verwenden” ist nun valide und bedarf erstmal keiner weiteren Überprüfung auf Richtigkeit. Diese Argumentationslinie ist deutlich kompatibler mit der phänomenologischen Erfahrung einer Erkenntnis vim Alltag. Wir stoßen aber auf deutlich größere Probleme, wenn wir uns fragen, woher eigentlich unser Recht auf Wahrheitsannahme von Drittaussagen kommt. Klar, 2+2=4, weil der Prof das an die Tafel geschrieben hat, ist die “schlechtere” Begründung als zu sagen, dass das Ergebnis aus gewissen mathematischen Axiomen deduziert wurde.
+
+2. Formulieren Sie jeweils einen Einwand gegen beide Theorien.
+
+Wir befinden uns also nun in der Spannung der phänomenalistischen “Heureka” Erfahrung des Findens von Epistemen (in nicht-inferentiellen Systemen) und dem Problem der schwachen Justifizierung von Aussagen gegenüber der erhöhten Stringenz eines epistemischen Systems, dass externe (logische, probabilistische, normative etc.) Gründe für Aussagen zur Verfügung stellt, aber einen schier unüberwindbaren rechnerischen Aufwand darstellt. Auch das Problem der ersten Begründung bleibt bestehen. Angenommen, ich weiß noch nichts, habe bisher null Episteme gesammelt, wie wird das erste Epistem, das ich finde, begründbar sein?
+
+3. Worin besteht doxastische Verantwortung (doxastic responsibility) nach F und Ihrer eigenen Meinung nach.
+
+Doxastische Verantwortung ist die Verantwortung für die Begründbarkeit des eigenen Nezwerkes aus Epistemen. Wenn mich also jemand fragt: Warum glaubst du das?, ist es sozial im Allgemeinen erwartbar, dass ich darauf eine Antwort liefern kann. Und wie wir eben schon am Beispiel der Begründung für 2+2=4 gesehen haben, scheint es hier “bessere” und weniger gute Gründe zu geben, das heisst, eine Person kann zur Verantwortung gezogen werden, unzureichend begründete Episteme fallen zu lassen und eine gewisse Grenze zu ziehen, eine mindest erwartbare Begründung. Diese kann sehr wahrscheinlich nicht universell formuliert werden. Eine Regel wie: Alle Bürger dürfen nur noch Aussagen weiterverwenden, denen sie eine mindestens 90-prozentige Wahrheitswarscheinlichkeit attestieren, ist aus diversen Gründen problematisch.
+Frickers Auffassung Doxastischer Verantwortung ist insofern speziell, als dass sie eine deutliche Verbindung moralischer Verantwortung (die wir offensichtlich alle in irgendeiner Form tragen) und Doxastischer Verantwortung sieht. Sogar die Gründe sind oft überlappend. Eine Gute Moralische Begründung, die zum Beispiel der Wahrhaftigkeit, scheint ganz offensichtlich auch eine gute doxastische begründung zu sein. Diese Parallelität zieht Fricker heran, um neo-aristotelianische Moralbegründuungen auch auf epistemischer Ebene wirksam zu machen.
+Ich lasse mich da gern Überzeugen von Ihr und erache es als sinnvoll Doxastische Verantwortung in gewisser Weise moralisch bindend zu machen. Intuitiv wissen wir ja auch, dass unsere Erwartung, dass dritte wahrhaftig mit uns interagieren, auf Gegenseitigkeit beruht und das leben nicht nur normativ, sondern auch auf epistemischer Ebene “verbessert”. Dies liefert auch eine recht simplistesche Rechtfertigung, annehmen zu können, dass Dritte mir die Wahreit sagen. Ich tue ja auch immer mein Bestes, warum also die anderen nicht?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on 05.01.2021
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2021-04-13-bachelor-thesis/index.de.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
++++
+title =  "Bachelorarbeit"
+date = 2021-04-13
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Meine Bachelorarbeit: Eine psycholinguistische Online-Studie mit Reaktionszeitmessung"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "audiovisual asynchrony",
+  "autism",
+  "javascript",
+  "latency",
+  "latex",
+  "multi-sensory integration",
+  "pavlovia",
+  "psychoJS",
+  "psycholinguistics",
+  "python",
+  "r",
+  "reaction time",
+  "seaborn",
+  "sensory hypersensitivity",
+  "smart hearing protection",
+  "thesis",
+  "university of osnabrück"
+]
+[extra]
+banner =  "rt_choice_corr_by_condition.png"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
+featured = true
++++
+## Eine psycholinguistische Online-Studie mit Reaktionszeitmessung
+
+Letztes Jahr habe ich meine Bachelorarbeit während der Pandemie geschrieben. Angesichts der Schwierigkeiten, die unsere Universität bei der Umstellung auf Online-Lehre hatte, habe ich mich für ein betreutes Thema entschieden, obwohl mein ursprünglicher Traum war, über meinen Vorschlag zum automatisierten Plastikrecycling zu schreiben. Mehr dazu kannst du hier lesen:
+
+<embed
+  src="/documents/AronPetauBAThesis.pdf"
+  type="application/pdf"
+  style="width: 100%; height: 80vh; margin: 0 auto; display: block; border: 1px solid #ccc;" />
+
+Ich habe mich für ein Projekt entschieden, das die Möglichkeiten eines neuartigen intelligenten Gehörschutzes untersuchen wollte, der speziell für auditive Überempfindlichkeit entwickelt wurde - ein Phänomen, das häufig, aber nicht immer und nicht ausschließlich bei Menschen mit einer Autismus-Spektrum-Störung zu beobachten ist.
+
+Eine häufige Reaktion auf diese erhöhte Empfindlichkeit sind Stress und Vermeidungsverhalten, was oft zu sehr unangenehmen sozialen Situationen führt und die Fähigkeit zur Teilnahme am sozialen Leben beeinträchtigt.
+
+Schulen sind eine solche soziale Situation, und wir alle kennen den Stress, den ein lautes Klassenzimmer erzeugen kann. Die Konzentration ist weg, und sowohl die Bildung als auch wichtige Fähigkeiten wie die Sprachreproduktion leiden darunter.
+
+Es gibt viel Forschung in diesen Bereichen, und es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass sensorische Informationen bei Menschen im Autismus-Spektrum anders verarbeitet werden als in einem neurotypischen Gehirn. Es scheint, dass eine gewisse Anpassungsfähigkeit, die benötigt wird, um Lärmprobleme zu überwinden und Asynchronität zwischen auditiven und visuellen Sinneseindrücken zu überbrücken, bei manchen Menschen im Autismus-Spektrum reduziert ist.
+
+Im Kern ging es in meinem Experiment darum, neurotypische Menschen zu untersuchen und jegliche Auswirkungen auf die Sprachwahrnehmung zu messen, die durch unterschiedliche Verzögerungen zwischen auditiven und visuellen Eingängen sowie durch die Lautstärke entstehen.
+
+Hier hatte ich die Möglichkeit, ein komplettes reaktionszeitbasiertes Experiment mit über 70 Teilnehmenden durchzuführen und alle Herausforderungen zu erleben, die mit richtiger Wissenschaft einhergehen.
+Ich habe umfangreiche Literaturrecherche betrieben, das Experiment programmiert und viel darüber gelernt, warum eigentlich niemand reaktionszeitbasierte Studien wie diese über einen gewöhnlichen Internetbrowser durchführt.
+Es war eine fast 9-monatige Lernerfahrung voller Dinge, die ich noch nie zuvor gemacht hatte.
+
+Ich habe gelernt, in LaTeX zu schreiben und es zu lieben, musste JavaScript für die effiziente Bereitstellung der Stimuli lernen und R für die statistische Analyse. Außerdem konnte ich meine Fähigkeiten in der Datenvisualisierung mit Python auffrischen und habe einige schöne Grafiken der Ergebnisse erstellt.
+
+Das Experiment läuft noch und ist online, falls du einen Blick darauf werfen möchtest. Beachte aber, dass die Messung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit in Millisekunden wichtig ist, weshalb es deinen Browser-Cache stark nutzt und dafür bekannt ist, weniger leistungsstarke Computer in die Knie zu zwingen.
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://moryscarter.com/vespr/pavlovia.php?folder=arontaupe&experiment=av_experiment/&id=public&researcher=aron">Probier das Experiment selbst aus</a>
+</div>
+
+Schon allein beim Schreiben bekam ich umfangreiches hilfreiches Feedback von meinen Betreuern und lernte viel über wissenschaftliche Prozesse und damit verbundene Überlegungen.
+
+Es gab immer das nächste unlösbare Problem. Ein Beispiel war der Konflikt zwischen Wissenschaftlichkeit und ethischen Überlegungen, Datenschutz gegen die Genauigkeit der Ergebnisse. Da die Teilnehmenden private Geräte nutzten, konnte ich wichtige Daten wie ihre Internetgeschwindigkeit und -anbieter, ihre GPU-Art und ihre externe Hardware nicht kennen. Es stellte sich heraus, dass bei einem auditiven Experiment die Art und Einrichtung der Lautsprecher eine wichtige Rolle spielen und die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit beeinflussen.
+
+Die endgültige Version meiner Arbeit hat etwa 80 Seiten, vieles davon absolut langweilig, aber dennoch wichtige statistische Analysen.
+Wenn du wirklich möchtest, kannst du dir hier das Ganze ansehen:
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://github.com/arontaupe/asynchrony_thesis/blob/main/AronPetauBAThesis.pdf">Lies die originale Arbeit</a>
+</div>
+
+Ich bin ein Fan und Befürworter von Open Source und Open Science Praktiken.
+Hier findest du auch den Rest des Projekts mit dem originalen Quellcode.
+Ich bin noch nicht da, wo ich mit meinen Dokumentationspraktiken sein möchte, und es macht mir ein bisschen Angst, dass jetzt jeder alle meine Fehler sehen kann, aber ich stelle es als Übungsschritt zur Verfügung. Ich habe viel vom Anschauen anderer Projekte gelernt und profitiert, und ich strebe danach, auch offen über meine Prozesse zu sein.
+
+Die originalen Video-Stimuli gehören nicht mir und ich habe kein Recht, sie zu veröffentlichen, daher sind sie hier ausgelassen.
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://github.com/arontaupe/asynchrony_thesis">Finde das komplette Repo auf Github</a>
+</div>

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2021-04-13-bachelor-thesis/index.md

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++++
+title =  "Bachelor Thesis"
+date = 2021-04-13
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "My Bachelor Thesis: an online psycholinguistic study using reaction time"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "audiovisual asynchrony",
+  "autism",
+  "javascript",
+  "latency",
+  "latex",
+  "multi-sensory integration",
+  "pavlovia",
+  "psychoJS",
+  "psycholinguistics",
+  "python",
+  "r",
+  "reaction time",
+  "seaborn",
+  "sensory hypersensitivity",
+  "smart hearing protection",
+  "thesis",
+  "university of osnabrück"
+]
+[extra]
+banner =  "rt_choice_corr_by_condition.png"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
+featured = true
++++
+## An online psycholinguistic study using reaction time
+
+Last year, I wrote my thesis during the pandemic. With the struggles our university had transitioning to online teaching, I selected a guided topic, although my initial dream was to start writing about my proposed plan for automated plastic recycling. You can read more about that here:
+
+<embed
+  src="/documents/AronPetauBAThesis.pdf"
+  type="application/pdf"
+  style="width: 100%; height: 80vh; margin: 0 auto; display: block; border: 1px solid #ccc;" />
+
+I chose a project that wanted to examine the possibilities of a novel smart hearing protection device specifically designed for auditory hypersensitivity, which is often, but not always, and not exclusively a phenomenon visible in people with an autism spectrum disorder.
+
+A common reaction to this elevated sensitivity is stress and avoidance behavior, often leading to very awkward social situations and impairing the ability to take part in social situations.
+
+Schools are one such social situation and we all know the stress a noisy classroom can produce. Concentration is gone, and education, as well as essential skills like language reproduction, suffer.
+
+There is lots of prior research on these fields, and there is some evidence that sensory information in people on the Autism spectrum is processed differently than in a neurotypical brain. It seems that a certain adaptability, needed to overcome noise issues and bridge asynchrony between auditory and visual sensory input, is reduced in some people on the Autism Spectrum.
+
+In essence, my experiment was responsible for looking at neurotypical people and measuring any effect on language perception produced by varying the delay between auditory and visual input, as well as the loudness.
+
+Here, I had the possibility to conduct an entire reaction-time-based experiment with over 70 participants and went through all the struggles that come with proper science.
+I did extensive literature research, coded the experiment, and learned a lot about the reasons nobody really ever does reaction time-based studies like this via a common internet browser.
+It was an almost 9 months long learning experience full of doing things I had never done before.
+
+I learned and got to love writing in Latex, had to learn JavaScript for the efficient serving of the stimuli, and R for the statistical analysis. I also got to brush up on my data visualization skills in Python and made some pretty graphs of the results.
+
+The experiment is still working and online if you want to have a look at it. Be mindful though that measuring reaction speed every millisecond is important, which is why it makes heavy use of your browser cache and has been known to crash and defeat some not-so-tough computers.
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://moryscarter.com/vespr/pavlovia.php?folder=arontaupe&experiment=av_experiment/&id=public&researcher=aron">Try out the experiment yourself</a>
+</div>
+
+Even with writing alone I had extensive helpful feedback from my supervisors and learned a lot about scientific processes and associated considerations.
+
+There was always the next unsolvable problem. Just one example was scientificity and ethical considerations clashing, data privacy against the accuracy of results. Since the machines participants participated on, were private devices, I was unable to know important data like their internet speed and provider, their type of GPU, and their type of external hardware. Turns out, for an auditory experiment, the type and setup of the speakers do play an important role and influence response speed.
+
+The final version of my thesis has something around 80 pages, much of it utterly boring, but nevertheless important statistical analyses.
+If you really want to, you can have a look at the whole thing here:
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://github.com/arontaupe/asynchrony_thesis/blob/main/AronPetauBAThesis.pdf">Read the original Thesis</a>
+</div>
+
+I am a fan and proponent of open source and open science practices.
+So here you can also find the rest of the project with the original source code.
+I am not yet where I want to be with my documentation practices, and it scares me a bit that anyone can now have a full grasp of all the mistakes I did, but I am throwing this out there as a practice step. I learned and gained a lot from looking at other people's projects and I strive to be open about my processes too.
+
+The original video stimuli are not mine and I have no right releasing them, so they are omitted here.
+
+<div class="buttons">
+  <a class="colored external" href="https://github.com/arontaupe/asynchrony_thesis">Find the complete Repo on Github</a>
+</div>

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2021-08-01-iron-smelting/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Eisenverhüttung"
+date = 2021-08-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Eindrücke von den International Smelting Days 2021"
+
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "isd",
+  "archeology",
+  "bloomery",
+  "clay",
+  "coal",
+  "experiment",
+  "furnace",
+  "history",
+  "iron",
+  "iron age",
+  "iron smelting",
+  "ore",
+  "private",
+  "technology",
+]
+
+[extra]
+banner =  "compacting_iron.jpg"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Eisenverhüttung
+
+### Eindrücke von den International Smelting Days 2021
+
+### Das Konzept
+
+Seit ich ein kleines Kind war, nehme ich regelmäßig am jährlichen internationalen Kongress namens Iron Smelting Days (ISD) teil.
+Dies ist ein Kongress von interdisziplinären Menschen aus ganz Europa, darunter Historiker, Archäologen, Schmiede, Stahlproduzenten und viele engagierte Hobbyisten.
+Das erklärte Ziel dieser Veranstaltungen ist es, die antike Eisenproduktion zu verstehen, wie sie während der Eisenzeit und auch danach stattfand. Ein Rennofen wurde zur Eisenherstellung verwendet. Zur Eisenherstellung braucht man Eisenerz und Hitze unter Ausschluss von Sauerstoff. Es ist ein hochsensibler Prozess, der einen unglaublichen Arbeitsaufwand erfordert. Die Bauweisen und Methoden variierten stark und waren sehr an die Region und lokalen Bedingungen angepasst, anders als der viel spätere, stärker industrialisierte Prozess mit Hochöfen.
+
+Bis heute ist unklar, wie prähistorische Menschen die Menge und Qualität an Eisen erreichten, von der wir wissen, dass sie sie hatten.
+Die gebauten Öfen waren oft Lehmkonstruktionen und sind nicht erhalten geblieben. Archäologen finden häufig die übrig gebliebene verbrannte Schlacke und Mineralien, die uns Hinweise auf die Struktur und Zusammensetzung der antiken Öfen geben.
+Die Gruppe um die ISD verfolgt einen praktischen archäologischen Ansatz, und wir versuchen, die antiken Methoden nachzubilden - mit der zusätzlichen Möglichkeit, Temperaturfühler oder elektrische Gebläse einzusetzen. Jedes Jahr treffen wir uns in einer anderen europäischen Stadt und passen uns an die lokalen Bedingungen an, oft mit lokalem Erz und lokaler Kohle. Es ist ein Ort, an dem verschiedene Fachgebiete zusammenkommen, um sich gegenseitig zu unterrichten, während wir gemeinsam die intensiven Tag- und Nachtschichten verbringen, um die Öfen zu beschicken.
+Seit ich ein Kind war, begann ich meine eigenen Öfen zu bauen und las mich in den Prozess ein, damit ich teilnehmen konnte.
+Technologie erscheint in einem anderen Licht, wenn man in einen solchen Prozess involviert ist: Selbst die Lampen, die wir aufstellen, um durch den Abend zu arbeiten, sind technisch gesehen schon Schummeln. Wir verwenden Thermometer, wiegen und verfolgen akribisch die eingehende Kohle und das Erz und haben viele moderne Annehmlichkeiten um uns herum. Dennoch - mit unserer viel fortschrittlicheren Technologie sind unsere Ergebnisse oft minderwertig in Menge und Qualität im Vergleich zu historischen Funden. Ohne moderne Waagen waren die Menschen der Eisenzeit genauer und konsistenter als wir.
+
+Nach einiger Ungewissheit, ob es 2021 nach der Absage in 2020 wieder stattfinden würde, traf sich eine kleine Gruppe in Ulft, Niederlande.
+Dieses Jahr in Ulft stellte eine andere Gruppe lokale Kohle her, sodass der gesamte Prozess noch länger dauerte, und Besucher kamen von überall her, um zu lernen, wie man Eisen auf prähistorische Weise herstellt.
+
+Unten habe ich den größten Teil des Prozesses in einigen Zeitraffern festgehalten.
+
+## Der Prozess
+
+{{ youtube(id="mC_RHxVbo2M") }}
+
+Hier kannst du einen Zeitraffer sehen, wie ich eine Version eines Eisenofens baue.
+
+Wie du siehst, verwenden wir einige recht moderne Materialien, wie zum Beispiel Ziegel. Dies liegt an den zeitlichen Beschränkungen der ISD.
+Ein Ofen komplett von Grund auf zu bauen ist ein viel längerer Prozess, der Trocknungsphasen zwischen dem Bauen erfordert.
+
+Danach wird der Ofen getrocknet und aufgeheizt.
+
+Im Laufe des Prozesses werden mehr als 100 kg Kohle und etwa 20 kg Erz verwendet, um ein finales Eisenstück von 200 - 500g herzustellen, gerade genug für ein einzelnes Messer.
+
+Mit all den modernen Annehmlichkeiten und Bequemlichkeiten, die uns zur Verfügung stehen, braucht ein einzelner Durchlauf immer noch mehr als 3 Personen, die über 72 Stunden arbeiten, ohne die Kohleherstellung oder den Abbau und Transport des Eisenerzes zu berücksichtigen.
+
+Einige weitere Eindrücke von der ISD
+
+{% gallery() %}
+[
+  {
+    "file": "coal_furnace.jpg",
+    "title": "Ein beladener Rennofen",
+    "alt": "Ein beladener Ofen"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "isd_drone.jpg",
+    "title": "Die ISD von oben",
+    "alt": "Die ISD von oben"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "iron_result.jpg",
+    "title": "Glühendes Eisen",
+    "alt": "Glühendes Eisen"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "burning_furnace.jpg",
+    "title": "Ein brennender Ofen",
+    "alt": "Ein brennender Ofen"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "compacting_iron.jpg",
+    "title": "Verdichten des gewonnenen Eisens",
+    "alt": "Verdichten des gewonnenen Eisens"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "flir_furnace.jpg",
+    "title": "Eine Wärmebildaufnahme des Ofens",
+    "alt": "Eine Wärmebildaufnahme des Ofens"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "iron_smelting_graph.png",
+    "title": "Ein Querschnitt, der die erreichten Temperaturen zeigt",
+    "alt": "Ein Querschnitt meines Ofentyps"
+  }
+]
+{% end %}
+
+Für mich ist es sehr schwer zu definieren, was Technologie alles umfasst. Es geht sicherlich über die typischerweise assoziierten Bilder von Computing und industriellem Fortschritt hinaus. Es ist eine Art, die Welt zu erfassen, und die Anpassung an andere Technologien, sei es durch Zeit oder Region, lässt mich spüren, wie diffus das Phänomen der Technologie in meiner Welt ist.
+
+[Erfahre mehr über die ISD](https://sites.google.com/view/eu-iron-smelting-days/home?authuser=0
+)

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2021-08-01-iron-smelting/index.md

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++++
+title = "Iron Smelting"
+date = 2021-08-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Impressions from the International Smelting Days 2021"
+
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "isd",
+  "archeology",
+  "bloomery",
+  "clay",
+  "coal",
+  "experiment",
+  "furnace",
+  "history",
+  "iron",
+  "iron age",
+  "iron smelting",
+  "ore",
+  "private",
+  "technology",
+]
+
+[extra]
+banner =  "compacting_iron.jpg"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Iron Smelting
+
+### Impressions from the International Smelting Days 2021
+
+### The concept
+
+Since I was a small child I regularly took part in the yearly international congress called Iron Smelting Days (ISD).
+This is a congress of transdisciplinary people from all over Europe, including historians, archeologists, blacksmiths, steel producers, and many invested hobbyists.
+The proclaimed goal of these events is to understand the ancient production of iron as it happened throughout the iron age and also much after. A bloomery furnace was used to create iron. Making iron requires iron ore and heat under the exclusion of oxygen. It is a highly fragile process that takes an incredible amount of work. The designs and methods vary a lot and were very adapted to the region and local conditions, unlike the much later, more industrialized process using blast furnaces.
+
+To this day it is quite unclear how prehistoric people managed to get the amount and quality of iron we know they had.
+The furnaces that were built were often clay structures and are not preserved. Archeologists often find the leftover burned ore and minerals, giving us some indication of the structure and composition of the ancient furnaces.
+The group around the ISD takes up a practical archeological approach and we try to recreate the ancient methods with the added capability of maybe sticking temperature probes or electric blowers. Each year we meet up in a different European city and try to adapt to the local conditions, often with local ore and local coal. It is a place where different areas of expertise come together to educate each other while sitting together through the intense day- and night shifts to feed the furnaces.
+Since being a kid, I started building my own furnaces and read up on the process so I could participate.
+Technology gets a different tint when one is involved in such a process: Even the lights we put up to work through the evening are technically cheating. We use thermometers, meticulously weigh and track the inbound coal and ore, and have many modern amenities around. Yet - with our much more advanced technology, our results are often inferior in quantity and quality in comparison with historical findings. Without modern scales, iron-age people were more accurate and consistent than we are.
+
+After some uncertainty about whether it would take place in 2021 again after it was canceled in 2020, a small group met up in Ulft, Netherlands.
+This year in Ulft, another group made local coal, so that the entire process was even lengthier, and visitors came from all over to learn about making iron the pre-historic way.
+
+Below I captured most of the process in some time-lapses.
+
+## The Process
+
+{{ youtube(id="mC_RHxVbo2M") }}
+
+Here you can see a timelapse of me building a version of an Iron Furnace
+
+As you can see, we are using some quite modern materials, such as bricks, this is due to the time constraints of the ISD.
+Making an oven completely from scratch is a much more lengthy process requiring drying periods in between building.
+
+After, the furnace is dried and heated up
+
+Over the course of the process, more than 100 kgs of coal and around 20 kgs of ore are used to create a final piece of iron of 200 - 500g, just enough for a single knife.
+
+With all the modern amenities and conveniences available to us, a single run still takes more than 3 people working over 72 hours, not accounting for the coal-making or mining and relocating the iron ore.
+
+Some more impressions from the ISD
+
+{% gallery() %}
+[
+  {
+    "file": "coal_furnace.jpg",
+    "title": "a loaded bloomery furnace",
+    "alt": "a loaded furnace"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "isd_drone.jpg",
+    "title": "The ISD from above",
+    "alt": "the ISD from above"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "iron_result.jpg",
+    "title": "glowing iron",
+    "alt": "glowing iron"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "burning_furnace.jpg",
+    "title": "a furnace burning",
+    "alt": "a furnace burning"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "compacting_iron.jpg",
+    "title": "Compacting the resulting iron",
+    "alt": "compacting the resulting iron"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "flir_furnace.jpg",
+    "title": "a heat camera image of the furnace",
+    "alt": "a heat camera image of the furnace"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "iron_smelting_graph.png",
+    "title": "A cross-section illustrating the temperatures reached",
+    "alt": "A cross-section of my furnace type"
+  }
+]
+{% end %}
+
+For me, it is very hard to define what technology encompasses. It certainly goes beyond the typically associated imagery of computing and industrial progress. It is a mode of encompassing the world and adopting other technologies, be it by time or by region makes me feel how diffused the phenomenon of technology is into my world.
+
+[Find out more about the ISD](https://sites.google.com/view/eu-iron-smelting-days/home?authuser=0
+)

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2021-12-05-political-violence/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Übersetzung: Political Violence"
+date = 2021-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Forum entries from the Seminar: Is political violence justifiable? Reading Judith Butler and Elsa Dorlin"
+draft = false
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = ["alison jaggar", "elizabeth anderson", "elsa dorlin", "epistemology", "ethics", "feminism", "francois ewald", "judith butler", "josé medina", "michael foucault", "miranda fricker", "normativity", "phenomenology", "philosophy", "philosophy of emotions", "postphenomenology", "private", "university of osnabrück", "values in science"]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Forum entries from the Seminar: Is political violence justifiable? Reading Judith Butler and Elsa Dorlin
+
+### On Dorlin
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Dorlin, Elsa. Se défendre: une philosophie de la violence. Zones, 2017.
+[Publication (Not yet translated to English)](https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=MD05DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT7&dq=dorlin+se+defendre+book&ots=gVZ7VSU867&sig=tMn1dRVSJDkUMBmmtMJOgT8JhcQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=dorlin%20se%20defendre%20book&f=false)
+{% end %}
+
+From the seventh chapter in Dorlins "Self-Defense", I found the idea that safe spaces are actually prone to be counterproductive very strong.
+I think the discussion around whether safe spaces are an effective tool that is appropriate on top is a rather current and ongoing one.
+In so many other words, Dorlin here opens up the idea that the creation of a safe space always implies a hostile "outside" or other space.
+Further, Dorling sees as problematic that safe spaces will often experience problematic situations when trying to self-govern. The line of thought here is that safe spaces often explicitly reject the authority of traditional state bodies, since those exactly are identified as the oppressive force. This is problematic because then the community inside the safe space has to recreate social norms from scratch and qua definition of a safe space end up being much more restrictive and monitoring, tapping also into potentially extreme measurements for "enforcing" safety.
+Dorlin notes that by doing this, societal oppressive norms can end up becoming reproduced through the very instance created to shelter from it.
+I think this opens up 2 points worth discussing:
+Are there limits to the self-governance of leftist groups? How can self-governance be made possible without recreating some hierarchy or other?
+Does this ignore that safe spaces can sometimes be essential for survival? According to Dorlin, the alternative seems to be to instead of building sheltered, isolated safe spaces, the fight has to occur in the public, transforming the entire space without the necessity for exclusive logic. How can we argue this? Could there be an oppressed position from whence any aggressive stance towards the public forbids itself? (I think there is!) For me this seems like putting the entire burden of transformational potential on the oppressed individual, enabling a position like: "Well, the person did not object or introduce change, so the person implied consent."
+Will a public fight cause more harm being fought than it will save after introducing change? And who are we to calculate this beforehand?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 05. December 2021, 15:52
+{% end %}
+
+## Weekly hand in from the Seminar: Soziale Erkenntnistheorie
+
+### On Fricker: Epistemic Injustice
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Fricker, Miranda. Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing. Oxford University Press, 2007.
+[Publication](https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=lncSDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=fricker+epistemic+injustice+2007&ots=3fJ9TIK4T2&sig=JGCMR2YYUhjRc62DPEnf2yWDnjU&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=fricker%20epistemic%20injustice%202007&f=false)
+{% end %}
+
+1. Worin unterscheiden sich inferentialistische von nicht-inferentialistischen Theorien der testimonialen Erkenntnis (d.h. des Wissens durch das Zeugniss andere)?
+
+Inferentialistische Theorien gehen davon aus, dass die eigentliche Inferenz, also die Generierung eines neuen Epistems im Subjekt stattfindet. Konkret heisst dass, dass Ich die Aussage P einer dritten Person erst in irgendeiner Weise vor mir selbst rechtfertigen muss, bevor ich sie selbst verwenden kann. Ist die Aussage nun 2 + 2 = 4, muss ich also mit allen mir zur Verfügung stehenden Mitteln selbst überprüfen, ob diese Aussage Wahrheits- und Kohärenzkriterien erfüllt. Ich muss also beispielsweise über darunterliegende Axiome, die mir bekannt sind, die Aussage extern (ausserhalb von Person X hat das gesagt, also kann Ich das glauben) überprüfen. Im simplen Beispiel also konkret das Ergebnis berechnen. Wenn man so will, liegt also immer die “Beweislast” für meine eigenen Episteme bei mir und ich kann diesen Beweisaufwand nur begrenzt auslagern. Eine sehr direkte Folge davon wäre, dass jeglicher Erkenntnisgewinn mit erheblicher, bewusster oder unbewusster Arbeit verbunden ist.
+Dies wäre die wahrscheinlich logisch stringentere Theorie, gegen sie spricht aber die Phänomenologie eines Erkenntisgewinns. Eine Erkenntnis kommt uns oft vor wie ein “Heureka” Moment, wir “finden” sie, plötzlich ist sie da und wir können mit ihr arbeiten.
+Eine nicht-inferentialistische Theorie legt ebendiese Beweislast nicht im Subjekt an, ich habe eine Erlaubnis, oder besser, ein Recht auf a-priori Annahme der Richtigkeit der Aussage. “Person X hat mir P gesagt, also kann ich P verwenden” ist nun valide und bedarf erstmal keiner weiteren Überprüfung auf Richtigkeit. Diese Argumentationslinie ist deutlich kompatibler mit der phänomenologischen Erfahrung einer Erkenntnis vim Alltag. Wir stoßen aber auf deutlich größere Probleme, wenn wir uns fragen, woher eigentlich unser Recht auf Wahrheitsannahme von Drittaussagen kommt. Klar, 2+2=4, weil der Prof das an die Tafel geschrieben hat, ist die “schlechtere” Begründung als zu sagen, dass das Ergebnis aus gewissen mathematischen Axiomen deduziert wurde.
+
+2. Formulieren Sie jeweils einen Einwand gegen beide Theorien.
+
+Wir befinden uns also nun in der Spannung der phänomenalistischen “Heureka” Erfahrung des Findens von Epistemen (in nicht-inferentiellen Systemen) und dem Problem der schwachen Justifizierung von Aussagen gegenüber der erhöhten Stringenz eines epistemischen Systems, dass externe (logische, probabilistische, normative etc.) Gründe für Aussagen zur Verfügung stellt, aber einen schier unüberwindbaren rechnerischen Aufwand darstellt. Auch das Problem der ersten Begründung bleibt bestehen. Angenommen, ich weiß noch nichts, habe bisher null Episteme gesammelt, wie wird das erste Epistem, das ich finde, begründbar sein?
+
+3. Worin besteht doxastische Verantwortung (doxastic responsibility) nach F und Ihrer eigenen Meinung nach.
+
+Doxastische Verantwortung ist die Verantwortung für die Begründbarkeit des eigenen Nezwerkes aus Epistemen. Wenn mich also jemand fragt: Warum glaubst du das?, ist es sozial im Allgemeinen erwartbar, dass ich darauf eine Antwort liefern kann. Und wie wir eben schon am Beispiel der Begründung für 2+2=4 gesehen haben, scheint es hier “bessere” und weniger gute Gründe zu geben, das heisst, eine Person kann zur Verantwortung gezogen werden, unzureichend begründete Episteme fallen zu lassen und eine gewisse Grenze zu ziehen, eine mindest erwartbare Begründung. Diese kann sehr wahrscheinlich nicht universell formuliert werden. Eine Regel wie: Alle Bürger dürfen nur noch Aussagen weiterverwenden, denen sie eine mindestens 90-prozentige Wahrheitswarscheinlichkeit attestieren, ist aus diversen Gründen problematisch.
+Frickers Auffassung Doxastischer Verantwortung ist insofern speziell, als dass sie eine deutliche Verbindung moralischer Verantwortung (die wir offensichtlich alle in irgendeiner Form tragen) und Doxastischer Verantwortung sieht. Sogar die Gründe sind oft überlappend. Eine Gute Moralische Begründung, die zum Beispiel der Wahrhaftigkeit, scheint ganz offensichtlich auch eine gute doxastische begründung zu sein. Diese Parallelität zieht Fricker heran, um neo-aristotelianische Moralbegründuungen auch auf epistemischer Ebene wirksam zu machen.
+Ich lasse mich da gern Überzeugen von Ihr und erache es als sinnvoll Doxastische Verantwortung in gewisser Weise moralisch bindend zu machen. Intuitiv wissen wir ja auch, dass unsere Erwartung, dass dritte wahrhaftig mit uns interagieren, auf Gegenseitigkeit beruht und das leben nicht nur normativ, sondern auch auf epistemischer Ebene “verbessert”. Dies liefert auch eine recht simplistesche Rechtfertigung, annehmen zu können, dass Dritte mir die Wahreit sagen. Ich tue ja auch immer mein Bestes, warum also die anderen nicht?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on 05.01.2021
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2021-12-05-political-violence/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
++++
+title = "Political Violence"
+date = 2021-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Forum entries from the Seminar: Is political violence justifiable? Reading Judith Butler and Elsa Dorlin"
+draft = false
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = ["alison jaggar", "elizabeth anderson", "elsa dorlin", "epistemology", "ethics", "feminism", "francois ewald", "judith butler", "josé medina", "michael foucault", "miranda fricker", "normativity", "phenomenology", "philosophy", "philosophy of emotions", "postphenomenology", "private", "university of osnabrück", "values in science"]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Forum entries from the Seminar: Is political violence justifiable? Reading Judith Butler and Elsa Dorlin
+
+### On Dorlin
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Dorlin, Elsa. Se défendre: une philosophie de la violence. Zones, 2017.
+[Publication (Not yet translated to English)](https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=MD05DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT7&dq=dorlin+se+defendre+book&ots=gVZ7VSU867&sig=tMn1dRVSJDkUMBmmtMJOgT8JhcQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=dorlin%20se%20defendre%20book&f=false)
+{% end %}
+
+From the seventh chapter in Dorlins "Self-Defense", I found the idea that safe spaces are actually prone to be counterproductive very strong.
+I think the discussion around whether safe spaces are an effective tool that is appropriate on top is a rather current and ongoing one.
+In so many other words, Dorlin here opens up the idea that the creation of a safe space always implies a hostile "outside" or other space.
+Further, Dorling sees as problematic that safe spaces will often experience problematic situations when trying to self-govern. The line of thought here is that safe spaces often explicitly reject the authority of traditional state bodies, since those exactly are identified as the oppressive force. This is problematic because then the community inside the safe space has to recreate social norms from scratch and qua definition of a safe space end up being much more restrictive and monitoring, tapping also into potentially extreme measurements for "enforcing" safety.
+Dorlin notes that by doing this, societal oppressive norms can end up becoming reproduced through the very instance created to shelter from it.
+I think this opens up 2 points worth discussing:
+Are there limits to the self-governance of leftist groups? How can self-governance be made possible without recreating some hierarchy or other?
+Does this ignore that safe spaces can sometimes be essential for survival? According to Dorlin, the alternative seems to be to instead of building sheltered, isolated safe spaces, the fight has to occur in the public, transforming the entire space without the necessity for exclusive logic. How can we argue this? Could there be an oppressed position from whence any aggressive stance towards the public forbids itself? (I think there is!) For me this seems like putting the entire burden of transformational potential on the oppressed individual, enabling a position like: "Well, the person did not object or introduce change, so the person implied consent."
+Will a public fight cause more harm being fought than it will save after introducing change? And who are we to calculate this beforehand?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 05. December 2021, 15:52
+{% end %}
+
+## Weekly hand in from the Seminar: Soziale Erkenntnistheorie
+
+### On Fricker: Epistemic Injustice
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Fricker, Miranda. Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing. Oxford University Press, 2007.
+[Publication](https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=lncSDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=fricker+epistemic+injustice+2007&ots=3fJ9TIK4T2&sig=JGCMR2YYUhjRc62DPEnf2yWDnjU&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=fricker%20epistemic%20injustice%202007&f=false)
+{% end %}
+
+1. Worin unterscheiden sich inferentialistische von nicht-inferentialistischen Theorien der testimonialen Erkenntnis (d.h. des Wissens durch das Zeugniss andere)?
+
+Inferentialistische Theorien gehen davon aus, dass die eigentliche Inferenz, also die Generierung eines neuen Epistems im Subjekt stattfindet. Konkret heisst dass, dass Ich die Aussage P einer dritten Person erst in irgendeiner Weise vor mir selbst rechtfertigen muss, bevor ich sie selbst verwenden kann. Ist die Aussage nun 2 + 2 = 4, muss ich also mit allen mir zur Verfügung stehenden Mitteln selbst überprüfen, ob diese Aussage Wahrheits- und Kohärenzkriterien erfüllt. Ich muss also beispielsweise über darunterliegende Axiome, die mir bekannt sind, die Aussage extern (ausserhalb von Person X hat das gesagt, also kann Ich das glauben) überprüfen. Im simplen Beispiel also konkret das Ergebnis berechnen. Wenn man so will, liegt also immer die “Beweislast” für meine eigenen Episteme bei mir und ich kann diesen Beweisaufwand nur begrenzt auslagern. Eine sehr direkte Folge davon wäre, dass jeglicher Erkenntnisgewinn mit erheblicher, bewusster oder unbewusster Arbeit verbunden ist.
+Dies wäre die wahrscheinlich logisch stringentere Theorie, gegen sie spricht aber die Phänomenologie eines Erkenntisgewinns. Eine Erkenntnis kommt uns oft vor wie ein “Heureka” Moment, wir “finden” sie, plötzlich ist sie da und wir können mit ihr arbeiten.
+Eine nicht-inferentialistische Theorie legt ebendiese Beweislast nicht im Subjekt an, ich habe eine Erlaubnis, oder besser, ein Recht auf a-priori Annahme der Richtigkeit der Aussage. “Person X hat mir P gesagt, also kann ich P verwenden” ist nun valide und bedarf erstmal keiner weiteren Überprüfung auf Richtigkeit. Diese Argumentationslinie ist deutlich kompatibler mit der phänomenologischen Erfahrung einer Erkenntnis vim Alltag. Wir stoßen aber auf deutlich größere Probleme, wenn wir uns fragen, woher eigentlich unser Recht auf Wahrheitsannahme von Drittaussagen kommt. Klar, 2+2=4, weil der Prof das an die Tafel geschrieben hat, ist die “schlechtere” Begründung als zu sagen, dass das Ergebnis aus gewissen mathematischen Axiomen deduziert wurde.
+
+2. Formulieren Sie jeweils einen Einwand gegen beide Theorien.
+
+Wir befinden uns also nun in der Spannung der phänomenalistischen “Heureka” Erfahrung des Findens von Epistemen (in nicht-inferentiellen Systemen) und dem Problem der schwachen Justifizierung von Aussagen gegenüber der erhöhten Stringenz eines epistemischen Systems, dass externe (logische, probabilistische, normative etc.) Gründe für Aussagen zur Verfügung stellt, aber einen schier unüberwindbaren rechnerischen Aufwand darstellt. Auch das Problem der ersten Begründung bleibt bestehen. Angenommen, ich weiß noch nichts, habe bisher null Episteme gesammelt, wie wird das erste Epistem, das ich finde, begründbar sein?
+
+3. Worin besteht doxastische Verantwortung (doxastic responsibility) nach F und Ihrer eigenen Meinung nach.
+
+Doxastische Verantwortung ist die Verantwortung für die Begründbarkeit des eigenen Nezwerkes aus Epistemen. Wenn mich also jemand fragt: Warum glaubst du das?, ist es sozial im Allgemeinen erwartbar, dass ich darauf eine Antwort liefern kann. Und wie wir eben schon am Beispiel der Begründung für 2+2=4 gesehen haben, scheint es hier “bessere” und weniger gute Gründe zu geben, das heisst, eine Person kann zur Verantwortung gezogen werden, unzureichend begründete Episteme fallen zu lassen und eine gewisse Grenze zu ziehen, eine mindest erwartbare Begründung. Diese kann sehr wahrscheinlich nicht universell formuliert werden. Eine Regel wie: Alle Bürger dürfen nur noch Aussagen weiterverwenden, denen sie eine mindestens 90-prozentige Wahrheitswarscheinlichkeit attestieren, ist aus diversen Gründen problematisch.
+Frickers Auffassung Doxastischer Verantwortung ist insofern speziell, als dass sie eine deutliche Verbindung moralischer Verantwortung (die wir offensichtlich alle in irgendeiner Form tragen) und Doxastischer Verantwortung sieht. Sogar die Gründe sind oft überlappend. Eine Gute Moralische Begründung, die zum Beispiel der Wahrhaftigkeit, scheint ganz offensichtlich auch eine gute doxastische begründung zu sein. Diese Parallelität zieht Fricker heran, um neo-aristotelianische Moralbegründuungen auch auf epistemischer Ebene wirksam zu machen.
+Ich lasse mich da gern Überzeugen von Ihr und erache es als sinnvoll Doxastische Verantwortung in gewisser Weise moralisch bindend zu machen. Intuitiv wissen wir ja auch, dass unsere Erwartung, dass dritte wahrhaftig mit uns interagieren, auf Gegenseitigkeit beruht und das leben nicht nur normativ, sondern auch auf epistemischer Ebene “verbessert”. Dies liefert auch eine recht simplistesche Rechtfertigung, annehmen zu können, dass Dritte mir die Wahreit sagen. Ich tue ja auch immer mein Bestes, warum also die anderen nicht?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on 05.01.2021
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2022-01-22-critical-philosophy-subjectivity/index.de.md

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
++++
+title = "Übersetzung: Critical Philosophy of Subjectivity"
+date = 2021-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Forum entries from the Seminar: Critical Philosophy of Subjectivity 1: Michel Foucault"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = ["alison jaggar", "elizabeth anderson", "elsa dorlin", "epistemology", "ethics", "feminism", "francois ewald", "judith butler", "josé medina", "michael foucault", "miranda fricker", "normativity", "phenomenology", "philosophy", "philosophy of emotions", "postphenomenology", "private", "university of osnabrück", "values in science"]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+## Forum entries from the Seminar: Critical Philosophy of Subjectivity 1: Michel Foucault
+
+### On Butler: Constituting norms =/= carrying normative responsibilities for their existence
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Butler, J. (2004). Undoing Gender (1st ed.). Routledge. <https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203499627>
+[Publication](https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203499627)
+{% end %}
+
+Citation from Butler, Page 51, citing Ewald, which is, in turn, interpreting Foucault:
+
+> The norm integrates anything which might attempt to go beyond it—nothing, nobody, whatever difference it might display, can ever claim to be exterior, or claim to possess an otherness which would actually make it other”
+> <cite><a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2928449">(Norms, Discipline, and the Law, P.173)</a></cite>
+
+Such a view suggests that any opposition to the norm is already
+contained within the norm, and is crucial to its functioning.
+
+Here, for me, the entire futility of the approach later identified and described is condensed into a few sentences.
+
+> Hence, regulations that seek merely to curb certain specified activities (sexual harassment, welfare fraud, sexual speech) perform another activity that, for the most part, remains unmarked: the production of the parameters of personhood, that is, making persons according to abstract norms that at once condition and exceed the lives they make—and break.
+> <cite>Page 56, final sentence</cite>
+
+The idea that it is impossible to legislatively regulate norms without propelling, propagating, and carving them out deeper resonates with me, but at the same time, it has left me undecided on how to proceed.
+I understand the first citation to clearly be Ewald's interpretation of things and am not sure whether Foucault's careful circumvention of the term "Norms" is related to anticipation of this argument.
+
+Further, I am not sure I share Ewald's interpretation; I see that the object "othered" by a norm is a constituent and necessary object for the norm, simply due to its "comparative" nature (p. 51, citation from Ewald).
+The oppressed may well be as constituting of norms as the privileged, but this does not translate to a normative responsibility nor a pang of guilt in my opinion. The dangerous argument that the oppressed bear responsibility for their situation is too close for my taste. I would like to emphasize a clear cut between constituting and reinforcing a norm and thriving on it.
+Yes, maybe that is a good location to make the cut: The normative and ethical pressure, or better, the guilt of complicity lies with the ones thriving BECAUSE of a norm and clearly not with those thriving DESPITE OF a norm.
+I would think that Butler makes a similar argument elsewhere, but as such, I was missing it here, resulting in a very bleak and hopeless situation where any struggle to change the status quo through legislation is doomed and inevitably propagates and reinvents stable unfair relations of power.
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 23. January 2022, 14:23
+{% end %}
+
+### On Ewald: What, then, is a norm?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: François Ewald; Norms, Discipline, and the Law. Representations 1 April 1990; 30 138–161. doi: <https://doi.org/10.2307/2928449>
+[Publication](https://doi.org/10.2307/2928449)
+{% end %}
+
+Some tiny details about norms that stuck out to me about the norm were that: 1: they are fictional and thus, an object conforming to a norm is not more meaningful than an object not conforming to a norm. 2: the entire given set comprises the norm, the deviations play a defining role in the formation of the norm itself (or an average).
+p. 152: Under norm, 3 phenomena are subsumed: Discipline,
+less as a constraint, but more as a regulatory mechanism insurance,
+Reducing objects to their relative occurrence, distributing risk. and standardization.
+The norm has three defining features:
+
+- positivism,
+as reliant on facts, which have an aura of objectivity around them.
+- relativity,
+they are neither absolute nor universal, they have a scope, both in definition as a certain temporal extension.
+- polarity
+involving a classification between the normal and the abnormal, where the abnormal is to be some handicap, not attaining something that the normal does attain.
+
+What, then, is a norm?
+
+> It is a way for a group to provide itself with a common denominator in accordance with a rigorous principle of self-referentiality, with no recourse to any kind of external reference point, either in the form of an idea or an object. The normative process can obey a variety of different logics: the panoptical logic of discipline, the probabilistic schema of insurance, or the communicative logic of the technical norm. These three logics have the same form: in each case, the rule which serves as a norm, by virtue of which everyone can measure, evaluate, and identify himself or herself, will be derived from those for whom it will serve as a standard. A strange logic, this, which forces the group to turn back in upon itself and which, from the moment it establishes itself, will let no one escape its purview.
+> <cite>p. 154</cite>
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 16. January 2022, 18:48
+{% end %}
+
+### On Foucault: The effects without effector
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Michael Foucault. Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972–1977. Pantheon, New York, 1980.
+[Publication](http://freudians.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Roundtable-Confession-of-the-Flesh.pdf)
+{% end %}
+
+> one finds all sorts of support mechanisms [...] which invent, modify and re-adjust, according to the circumstances of the moment and the place- so that you get a coherent, rational strategy, but one for which it is no longer possible to identify a person who conceived it.
+> <cite>p. 203</cite>
+
+In this passage, and the one following it, I think Foucault pinpoints as one of the central attributes of the apparatus (or dispositif) the arbitrariness of the order of power relations. There is no identity having to undergo some sort of inventive process to start off a collective change, a "strategy" just happens to meet the criteria for deployment.
+
+> But between the strategy which fixes, reproduces, multiplies and accentuates existing relations of forces, and the class which thereby finds itself in a ruling position, there is a reciprocal relation of production. Thus one can say that the strategy of moralising the working class is that of the bourgeoisie. One can even say that it's the strategy which allows the bourgeois class to be the bourgeois class and to exercise its domination. But what I don't think one can say is that it's the bourgeois class on the level of its ideology or its economic project which, as a sort of at once real and fictive subject, invented and forcibly imposed this strategy on the working class.
+
+This was for me the most powerful grasp of what an apparatus is. A complicated removal of the effector from the effect.
+I struggle to continue to find any substance to the relations of the classes. Does reciprocal mean anything more than both are constitutive of each other? One produces the means of reproduction of the other, but where exactly can I apply moral judgements?
+This whole ordeal and now I lack subjects to blame.
+How can this theory possibly bring about change in society? Is that even its goal? Do we undergo this analysis in order to make society better in the end?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 12. December 2021, 22:01
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2022-01-22-critical-philosophy-subjectivity/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
++++
+title = "Critical Philosophy of Subjectivity"
+date = 2021-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Forum entries from the Seminar: Critical Philosophy of Subjectivity 1: Michel Foucault"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = ["alison jaggar", "elizabeth anderson", "elsa dorlin", "epistemology", "ethics", "feminism", "francois ewald", "judith butler", "josé medina", "michael foucault", "miranda fricker", "normativity", "phenomenology", "philosophy", "philosophy of emotions", "postphenomenology", "private", "university of osnabrück", "values in science"]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+## Forum entries from the Seminar: Critical Philosophy of Subjectivity 1: Michel Foucault
+
+### On Butler: Constituting norms =/= carrying normative responsibilities for their existence
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Butler, J. (2004). Undoing Gender (1st ed.). Routledge. <https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203499627>
+[Publication](https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203499627)
+{% end %}
+
+Citation from Butler, Page 51, citing Ewald, which is, in turn, interpreting Foucault:
+
+> The norm integrates anything which might attempt to go beyond it—nothing, nobody, whatever difference it might display, can ever claim to be exterior, or claim to possess an otherness which would actually make it other”
+> <cite><a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2928449">(Norms, Discipline, and the Law, P.173)</a></cite>
+
+Such a view suggests that any opposition to the norm is already
+contained within the norm, and is crucial to its functioning.
+
+Here, for me, the entire futility of the approach later identified and described is condensed into a few sentences.
+
+> Hence, regulations that seek merely to curb certain specified activities (sexual harassment, welfare fraud, sexual speech) perform another activity that, for the most part, remains unmarked: the production of the parameters of personhood, that is, making persons according to abstract norms that at once condition and exceed the lives they make—and break.
+> <cite>Page 56, final sentence</cite>
+
+The idea that it is impossible to legislatively regulate norms without propelling, propagating, and carving them out deeper resonates with me, but at the same time, it has left me undecided on how to proceed.
+I understand the first citation to clearly be Ewald's interpretation of things and am not sure whether Foucault's careful circumvention of the term "Norms" is related to anticipation of this argument.
+
+Further, I am not sure I share Ewald's interpretation; I see that the object "othered" by a norm is a constituent and necessary object for the norm, simply due to its "comparative" nature (p. 51, citation from Ewald).
+The oppressed may well be as constituting of norms as the privileged, but this does not translate to a normative responsibility nor a pang of guilt in my opinion. The dangerous argument that the oppressed bear responsibility for their situation is too close for my taste. I would like to emphasize a clear cut between constituting and reinforcing a norm and thriving on it.
+Yes, maybe that is a good location to make the cut: The normative and ethical pressure, or better, the guilt of complicity lies with the ones thriving BECAUSE of a norm and clearly not with those thriving DESPITE OF a norm.
+I would think that Butler makes a similar argument elsewhere, but as such, I was missing it here, resulting in a very bleak and hopeless situation where any struggle to change the status quo through legislation is doomed and inevitably propagates and reinvents stable unfair relations of power.
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 23. January 2022, 14:23
+{% end %}
+
+### On Ewald: What, then, is a norm?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: François Ewald; Norms, Discipline, and the Law. Representations 1 April 1990; 30 138–161. doi: <https://doi.org/10.2307/2928449>
+[Publication](https://doi.org/10.2307/2928449)
+{% end %}
+
+Some tiny details about norms that stuck out to me about the norm were that: 1: they are fictional and thus, an object conforming to a norm is not more meaningful than an object not conforming to a norm. 2: the entire given set comprises the norm, the deviations play a defining role in the formation of the norm itself (or an average).
+p. 152: Under norm, 3 phenomena are subsumed: Discipline,
+less as a constraint, but more as a regulatory mechanism insurance,
+Reducing objects to their relative occurrence, distributing risk. and standardization.
+The norm has three defining features:
+
+- positivism,
+as reliant on facts, which have an aura of objectivity around them.
+- relativity,
+they are neither absolute nor universal, they have a scope, both in definition as a certain temporal extension.
+- polarity
+involving a classification between the normal and the abnormal, where the abnormal is to be some handicap, not attaining something that the normal does attain.
+
+What, then, is a norm?
+
+> It is a way for a group to provide itself with a common denominator in accordance with a rigorous principle of self-referentiality, with no recourse to any kind of external reference point, either in the form of an idea or an object. The normative process can obey a variety of different logics: the panoptical logic of discipline, the probabilistic schema of insurance, or the communicative logic of the technical norm. These three logics have the same form: in each case, the rule which serves as a norm, by virtue of which everyone can measure, evaluate, and identify himself or herself, will be derived from those for whom it will serve as a standard. A strange logic, this, which forces the group to turn back in upon itself and which, from the moment it establishes itself, will let no one escape its purview.
+> <cite>p. 154</cite>
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 16. January 2022, 18:48
+{% end %}
+
+### On Foucault: The effects without effector
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Source Text: Michael Foucault. Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972–1977. Pantheon, New York, 1980.
+[Publication](http://freudians.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Roundtable-Confession-of-the-Flesh.pdf)
+{% end %}
+
+> one finds all sorts of support mechanisms [...] which invent, modify and re-adjust, according to the circumstances of the moment and the place- so that you get a coherent, rational strategy, but one for which it is no longer possible to identify a person who conceived it.
+> <cite>p. 203</cite>
+
+In this passage, and the one following it, I think Foucault pinpoints as one of the central attributes of the apparatus (or dispositif) the arbitrariness of the order of power relations. There is no identity having to undergo some sort of inventive process to start off a collective change, a "strategy" just happens to meet the criteria for deployment.
+
+> But between the strategy which fixes, reproduces, multiplies and accentuates existing relations of forces, and the class which thereby finds itself in a ruling position, there is a reciprocal relation of production. Thus one can say that the strategy of moralising the working class is that of the bourgeoisie. One can even say that it's the strategy which allows the bourgeois class to be the bourgeois class and to exercise its domination. But what I don't think one can say is that it's the bourgeois class on the level of its ideology or its economic project which, as a sort of at once real and fictive subject, invented and forcibly imposed this strategy on the working class.
+
+This was for me the most powerful grasp of what an apparatus is. A complicated removal of the effector from the effect.
+I struggle to continue to find any substance to the relations of the classes. Does reciprocal mean anything more than both are constitutive of each other? One produces the means of reproduction of the other, but where exactly can I apply moral judgements?
+This whole ordeal and now I lack subjects to blame.
+How can this theory possibly bring about change in society? Is that even its goal? Do we undergo this analysis in order to make society better in the end?
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+created by Aron Petau on Sunday 12. December 2021, 22:01
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2022-04-01-allei/index.de.md

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
++++
+title = "Ällei"
+date = 2022-04-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "Ein inklusiver Chatbot für das Sommerblut Festival"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "backend web programming",
+  "google assistant",
+  "google cloud",
+  "google dialogflow",
+  "ibm watson assistant",
+  "inclusivity",
+  "nlp",
+  "nlu",
+  "python",
+  "rest api",
+  "screen reader",
+  "sign language",
+  "sommerblut",
+  "speech interface",
+  "work"
+]
+
+[extra]
+banner =  "allei_screenshot.png"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Triff Ällei - den barrierefreien Chatbot
+
+### Sommerblut
+
+Natural Language Understanding (Natürliches Sprachverständnis) fasziniert mich, und kürzlich begann ich eine Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team des Sommerblut Festivals in Köln, um einen maßgeschneiderten Chatbot zu entwickeln, der mit allen Menschen kommunizieren kann und dabei Barrierefreiheitsstandards einhält. Er wird in Deutscher Gebärdensprache (DGS) kommunizieren können, blinde Menschen unterstützen und wir streben an, das Konzept der Leichten Sprache zu integrieren.
+
+Ich finde es eine spannende Herausforderung, von Anfang an wirklich inklusiv zu sein. In gewöhnlichen sozialen Kontexten ist es oft nicht offensichtlich, aber wenn man die spezifischen Bedürfnisse einer blinden Person beim Surfen im Internet analysiert, unterscheiden sie sich drastisch von denen einer Person mit Hörbeeinträchtigung. Mit beiden die gleiche Unterhaltung zu führen, erweist sich als große Herausforderung. Und das ist nur der erste Schritt in ein sehr tiefgreifendes Feld der digitalen Inklusion. Wie können Menschen mit einer Sprachbehinderung unser Tool nutzen? Wie beziehen wir Menschen ein, die Deutsch als Fremdsprache sprechen?
+
+Solch umfangreiche Herausforderungen werden oft durch den technischen Rahmen unseres digitalen Lebens verschleiert.
+
+Ich finde digitale Barrierefreiheit ein äußerst interessantes Gebiet, das ich gerade erst beginne zu erkunden.
+
+Dies ist ein Work in Progress. Wir haben einige interessante Ideen und werden einen konzeptionellen Prototyp vorstellen. Schau nach dem 6. März wieder vorbei, wenn das Festival 2022 begonnen hat. Oder komm zur offiziellen digitalen Präsentation des Bots.
+
+Dieser Bot ist meine erste bezahlte Softwarearbeit, und ich habe die Gelegenheit, mit mehreren großartigen Menschen und Teams zusammenzuarbeiten, um verschiedene Teile des Projekts zu realisieren. Hier bin ich nicht für das Frontend verantwortlich. Das Produkt, mit dem du hier interagierst, ist keineswegs fertig und reagiert möglicherweise zeitweise nicht, da wir es für Produktionszwecke verschieben und neu starten.
+Dennoch sind alle geplanten Kernfunktionen des Bots vorhanden, und du kannst ihn dort in der Ecke ausprobieren.
+Wenn du mehr über den Realisierungsprozess erfahren möchtest: Das gesamte Projekt ist auf einem öffentlichen GitHub-Repository und soll als Open Source veröffentlicht werden.
+
+In der finalen Version (vorerst) wird jeder einzelne Satz von einem Video in Deutscher Gebärdensprache (DGS) begleitet.
+Der Bot kann elegant mit häufigen Eingabefehlern umgehen und kann Live-Abfragen an externe Datenbanken durchführen, um weitere Informationen über alle Veranstaltungen des Festivals anzuzeigen und das Fingeralphabet zu lehren. Er unterstützt Freitexteingabe und ist vollständig mit Screenreadern kompatibel. Er ist in Leichter Sprache geschrieben, um den Zugang weiter zu erleichtern.
+Er ist weitgehend kontextsensitiv und bietet eine Menge dynamischer Inhalte, die basierend auf den Benutzereingaben generiert werden.
+
+Schau dir das GitHub-Repository hier an:
+[Zum Repository](https://github.com/arontaupe/KommunikationsKrake)
+
+Falls Ällei aus irgendeinem Grund hier auf der Seite nicht zu sehen ist, schau dir die Prototyp-Seite an, die ebenfalls im GitHub-Repo zu finden ist.
+
+[Zur Prototyp-Seite](https://arontaupe.github.io/KommunikationsKrake/)
+
+{% alert(important=true) %}
+Ich betrachte Barrierefreiheit als eine zentrale Frage sowohl des Designs als auch der Informatik, die die vorstrukturierte Art unserer Interaktion mit Technologie im Allgemeinen greifbar macht.
+{% end %}
+
+[Zur Sommerblut-Website](https://www.sommerblut.de/)
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Update: Wir haben jetzt einen Starttermin, der online stattfinden wird. Weitere Informationen findest du hier:
+[Zu unserem Launch-Event](https://www.sommerblut.de/ls/veranstaltung/875-allei)
+{% end %}
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Update 2: Der Chatbot ist jetzt schon eine Weile online und befindet sich sozusagen in einer "Public Beta", einer Phase, in der er von Nutzern verwendet und evaluiert werden kann und Feedback sammelt. Außerdem werden, da es sich schließlich um Google handelt, alle Eingaben gesammelt und dann weiter genutzt, um schwache Stellen in der Architektur des Bots zu verbessern.
+[Zum öffentlichen Chatbot](https://chatbot.sommerblut.de)
+{% end %}
+
+<meta name="viewport" content="width-device-width, initial-scale=1">
+
+<script src="https://www.gstatic.com/dialogflow-console/fast/messenger/bootstrap.js?v=1"></script>
+<df-messenger
+  chat-icon=""
+  intent="WELCOME"
+  chat-title="Ällei"
+  agent-id="335d74f7-2449-431d-924a-db70d79d4f88"
+  language-code="de"
+></df-messenger>

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2022-04-01-allei/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
++++
+title = "Ällei"
+date = 2022-04-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description =  "An inclusive chatbot for the Sommerblut Festival"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "backend web programming",
+  "google assistant",
+  "google cloud",
+  "google dialogflow",
+  "ibm watson assistant",
+  "inclusivity",
+  "nlp",
+  "nlu",
+  "python",
+  "rest api",
+  "screen reader",
+  "sign language",
+  "sommerblut",
+  "speech interface",
+  "work"
+]
+
+[extra]
+banner =  "allei_screenshot.png"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Meet Ällei - the accessible chatbot
+
+### Sommerblut
+
+Natural Language Understanding fascinates me and recently I started collaborating with the team of the Sommerblut Festival in Cologne to deliver them a customized chatbot that will be able to communicate with everyone, respecting accessibility standards to include all people. It will be able to communicate in German Sign Language (DGS), as well as service blind people, and we aim to incorporate the simple language concept.
+
+I find it to be an amazing challenge to start out with the requirement of really being inclusive. In ordinary social contexts, it is often not obvious, but when analyzing the specific needs a blind person has browsing the internet, it is drastically different from a person having impaired hearing. To hold the same conversation with both of them is proving quite a challenge. And this is just the first step down into a very deep field of digital inclusiveness. How can people with a speech impediment use our tool? How do we include people speaking German as a foreign language?
+
+Such vast challenges are often obfuscated by the technical framework of our digital lives.
+
+I find digital accessibility a hugely interesting area, one that I am just now starting to explore.
+
+This is a work in progress. We have some interesting ideas and will present a conceptual prototype, come check again after March 6th, when the 2022 festival started. Or come to the official digital presentation for the bot.
+
+This bot is my first paid software work and I am getting to work with several awesome people and teams to realize different parts of the project. Here, I am not responsible for anything in the Front end, the product you will interact with here is by no means finished and may not respond at times, since we are moving and restarting it for production purposes.
+Nevertheless, all the intended core features of the bot are present and you can try it out there in the corner.
+If you wish to see more of the realization process, the entire project is on a public GitHub and is intended to ship as open source.
+
+In the final version (for now), every single sentence will be accompanied by a video in German Sign Language (DGS).
+It can gracefully recover from some common input errors and can make live calls to external databases, displaying further information about all the events of the festival and teaching the Fingeralphabet. It supports free text input and is completely screen-reader compatible. It is scripted in easy language, to further facilitate access.
+It is mostly context-aware and features quite a bit of dynamic content generated based on user input.
+
+Have a look at the GitHub Repository here:
+[Check out the Repo](https://github.com/arontaupe/KommunikationsKrake)
+
+If Ällei is for some reason not present on the page here, check out the prototype page, also found in the GitHub Repo.
+
+[Check out the prototype page](https://arontaupe.github.io/KommunikationsKrake/)
+
+{% alert(important=true) %}
+I regard accessibility as a core question of both design and computation, really making tangible the prestructured way of our interaction with technology in general.
+{% end %}
+
+[Check out the Sommerblut Website](https://www.sommerblut.de/)
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Update: we now have a launch date, which will be held online. Further information can be found here:
+[Check out our Launch Event](https://www.sommerblut.de/ls/veranstaltung/875-allei)
+{% end %}
+
+{% alert(note=true) %}
+Update 2: The Chatbot is now online for a while already and finds itself in a "public beta", so to speak, a phase where it can be used and evaluated by users and is collecting feedback. Also, since this is Google, after all, all the inputs are collected and then further used to improve weak spots in the architecture of the bot.
+[Find the public Chatbot](https://chatbot.sommerblut.de)
+{% end %}
+
+<meta name="viewport" content="width-device-width, initial-scale=1">
+
+<script src="https://www.gstatic.com/dialogflow-console/fast/messenger/bootstrap.js?v=1"></script>
+<df-messenger
+  chat-icon=""
+  intent="WELCOME"
+  chat-title="Ällei"
+  agent-id="335d74f7-2449-431d-924a-db70d79d4f88"
+  language-code="de"
+></df-messenger>

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2022-04-30-lusatia/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Übersetzung: Lusatia - an immersion in (De)Fences"
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "A selection of images from the D+C Studio Class 2023"
+banner =  "/images/lusatia/lusatia_excavator.jpg"
+date = 2023-07-27
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "agisoft metashape",
+  "barriers",
+  "borders",
+  "climate",
+  "coal",
+  "drone",
+  "energy",
+  "environment",
+  "exploitation",
+  "fences",
+  "lusatia",
+  "photogrammetry",
+  "studio d+c",
+  "tempelhofer feld",
+  "unity",
+  "university of the arts berlin"
+]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+{{ youtube(id="kx6amt2jY7U") }}
+
+On an Excursion to Lusatia, a project with the Working Title (De)Fences was born.
+Here are the current materials.
+
+<iframe width="100%" height="1024" frameborder="0" allow="xr-spatial-tracking; gyroscope; accelerometer" allowfullscreen scrolling="no" src="https://kuula.co/share/collection/7F22J?logo=1&info=1&fs=1&vr=0&zoom=1&autop=5&autopalt=1&thumbs=3&alpha=0.60"></iframe>
+
+TODO: upload unity project

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2022-04-30-lusatia/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
++++
+title = "Lusatia - an immersion in (De)Fences"
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+description = "A selection of images from the D+C Studio Class 2023"
+banner =  "/images/lusatia/lusatia_excavator.jpg"
+date = 2023-07-27
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "agisoft metashape",
+  "barriers",
+  "borders",
+  "climate",
+  "coal",
+  "drone",
+  "energy",
+  "environment",
+  "exploitation",
+  "fences",
+  "lusatia",
+  "photogrammetry",
+  "studio d+c",
+  "tempelhofer feld",
+  "unity",
+  "university of the arts berlin"
+]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+{{ youtube(id="kx6amt2jY7U") }}
+
+On an Excursion to Lusatia, a project with the Working Title (De)Fences was born.
+Here are the current materials.
+
+<iframe width="100%" height="1024" frameborder="0" allow="xr-spatial-tracking; gyroscope; accelerometer" allowfullscreen scrolling="no" src="https://kuula.co/share/collection/7F22J?logo=1&info=1&fs=1&vr=0&zoom=1&autop=5&autopalt=1&thumbs=3&alpha=0.60"></iframe>
+
+TODO: upload unity project

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2022-12-03-stable-dreamfusion/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Stable Dreamfusion"
+description = "Eine Exploration der KI-gestützten 3D-Mesh-Generierung"
+date = 2023-06-20
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+banner =  "/images/dreamfusion/sd_pig.png"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "3d graphics",
+  "ai",
+  "dreamfusion",
+  "generative",
+  "mesh",
+  "studio d+c",
+  "university of the arts berlin",
+]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Stable Dreamfusion
+
+<div class="sketchfab-embed-wrapper"> <iframe title="Stable-Dreamfusion Pig" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; xr-spatial-tracking" xr-spatial-tracking execution-while-out-of-viewport execution-while-not-rendered web-share width="800" height="600" src="https://sketchfab.com/models/0af6d95988e44c73a693c45e1db44cad/embed?ui_theme=dark&dnt=1"> </iframe> </div>
+
+## Quellen
+
+Ich habe eine populäre Implementierung geforkt, die den Google-DreamFusion-Algorithmus nachgebaut hat. Der Original-Algorithmus ist nicht öffentlich zugänglich und closed-source.
+Du findest meine geforkte Implementierung [in meinem GitHub-Repository](https://github.com/arontaupe/stable-dreamfusion).
+Diese Version basiert auf Stable Diffusion als Grundprozess, was bedeutet, dass die Ergebnisse möglicherweise nicht an die Qualität von Google heranreichen.
+Die [ursprüngliche DreamFusion-Publikation und Implementierung](https://dreamfusion3d.github.io) bietet weitere Details zur Technik.
+
+{{ youtube(id="shW_Jh728yg") }}
+
+## Gradio
+
+Ich habe den Code geforkt, um meine eigene Gradio-Schnittstelle für den Algorithmus zu implementieren. Gradio ist ein hervorragendes Werkzeug für die schnelle Entwicklung von Benutzeroberflächen für Machine-Learning-Modelle. Endnutzer müssen nicht programmieren - sie können einfach ihren Wunsch äußern, und das System generiert ein 3D-Modell (OBJ-Datei), das direkt mit einem Rigging versehen werden kann.
+
+## Mixamo
+
+Ich habe Mixamo für das Rigging des Modells verwendet. Es ist ein leistungsstarkes Werkzeug für Rigging und Animation von Modellen, aber seine größte Stärke ist die Einfachheit. Solange man ein Modell mit einer einigermaßen humanoiden Form in T-Pose hat, kann man es in Sekunden mit einem Rigging versehen. Genau das habe ich hier gemacht.
+
+## Unity
+
+Ich habe Unity verwendet, um das Modell für das Magic Leap 1 Headset zu rendern.
+Dies ermöglichte mir, eine interaktive und immersive Umgebung mit den generierten Modellen zu schaffen.
+
+Die Vision war, eine KI-Wunschkammer zu bauen:
+Du setzt die AR-Brille auf, äußerst deine Wünsche, und der Algorithmus präsentiert dir ein fast reales Objekt in erweiterter Realität.
+
+Da wir keinen Zugang zu Googles proprietärem Quellcode haben und die Einschränkungen unserer Studio-Computer (die zwar leistungsstark, aber nicht optimal für maschinelles Lernen ausgelegt sind), sind die Ergebnisse nicht so ausgereift wie erhofft.
+Trotzdem sind die Resultate faszinierend, und ich bin mit dem Ergebnis zufrieden.
+Die Generierung eines einzelnen Objekts in der Umgebung dauert etwa 20 Minuten.
+Der Algorithmus kann recht launisch sein - oft hat er Schwierigkeiten, zusammenhängende Objekte zu generieren, aber wenn er erfolgreich ist, sind die Ergebnisse durchaus beeindruckend.

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2022-12-03-stable-dreamfusion/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
++++
+title = "Stable Dreamfusion"
+description = "An exploration of 3D mesh generation through AI"
+date = 2023-06-20
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+banner =  "/images/dreamfusion/sd_pig.png"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "3d graphics",
+  "ai",
+  "dreamfusion",
+  "generative",
+  "mesh",
+  "studio d+c",
+  "university of the arts berlin",
+]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Stable Dreamfusion
+
+<div class="sketchfab-embed-wrapper"> <iframe title="Stable-Dreamfusion Pig" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; xr-spatial-tracking" xr-spatial-tracking execution-while-out-of-viewport execution-while-not-rendered web-share width="800" height="600" src="https://sketchfab.com/models/0af6d95988e44c73a693c45e1db44cad/embed?ui_theme=dark&dnt=1"> </iframe> </div>
+
+## Sources
+
+I forked a popular implementation that reverse-engineered the Google Dreamfusion algorithm. This algorithm is closed-source and not publicly available.
+You can find my forked implementation [on my GitHub repository](https://github.com/arontaupe/stable-dreamfusion).
+This version runs on Stable Diffusion as its base process, which means we can expect results that might not match Google's quality.
+The [original DreamFusion paper and implementation](https://dreamfusion3d.github.io) provides more details about the technique.
+
+{{ youtube(id="shW_Jh728yg") }}
+
+## Gradio
+
+I forked the code to implement my own Gradio interface for the algorithm. Gradio is a great tool for quickly building interfaces for machine learning models. No coding is required for the end user - they can simply state their wish, and the system will generate a ready-to-be-rigged 3D model (OBJ file).
+
+## Mixamo
+
+I used Mixamo to rig the model. It's a powerful tool for rigging and animating models, but its main strength is simplicity. As long as you have a model with a reasonable humanoid shape in a T-pose, you can rig it in seconds. That's exactly what I did here.
+
+## Unity
+
+I used Unity to render the model for the Magic Leap 1 headset.
+This allowed me to create an interactive and immersive environment with the generated models.
+
+The vision was to build an AI Chamber of Wishes:
+You put on the AR glasses, state your desires, and the algorithm presents you with an almost-real object in augmented reality.
+
+Due to not having access to Google's proprietary source code and the limitations of our studio computers (which, while powerful, aren't quite optimized for machine learning), the results weren't as refined as I had hoped.
+Nevertheless, the results are fascinating, and I'm satisfied with the outcome.
+A single object generation in the environment takes approximately 20 minutes.
+The algorithm can be quite temperamental - it often struggles to generate coherent objects, but when it succeeds, the results are quite impressive.

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2022-12-04-lampshades/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Lampenschirme"
+description = "Eine Erkundung der Tiefen von Rhino/Grasshopper"
+date = 2022-12-04
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "3d printing",
+  "grasshopper",
+  "lamp",
+  "lampshade",
+  "parametric",
+  "private",
+  "rhino",
+  "studio d+c",
+  "university of the arts berlin"
+]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
+banner =  "lampshade4.png"
++++
+
+## Lampenschirme
+
+Im Jahr 2022 lernte ich einige der leistungsfähigsten Werkzeuge kennen, die von Architekten verwendet werden.
+Eines davon war Rhino, eine professionelle 3D-Modellierungssoftware, die in der Architekturgestaltung weit verbreitet ist.
+Anfangs hatte ich Schwierigkeiten damit - die Benutzeroberfläche wirkte veraltet und wenig intuitiv, stark an Software-Design der 1980er Jahre erinnernd.
+Allerdings verfügt es über ein umfangreiches Plugin-Ökosystem, und ein Plugin im Besonderen änderte alles: Grasshopper, eine visuelle Programmiersprache zur Erstellung parametrischer Modelle.
+Grasshopper ist bemerkenswert leistungsfähig und funktioniert als vollwertige Programmierumgebung, bleibt dabei aber intuitiv und zugänglich. Der knotenbasierte Workflow ähnelt modernen Systemen, die jetzt in Unreal Engine und Blender auftauchen.
+Der einzige Nachteil ist, dass Grasshopper nicht eigenständig ist - es benötigt Rhino sowohl zum Ausführen als auch für viele Modellierungsoperationen.
+
+Die Kombination von Rhino und Grasshopper veränderte meine Perspektive, und ich begann, den anspruchsvollen Modellierungsprozess zu schätzen.
+Ich entwickelte ein parametrisches Lampenschirm-Design, auf das ich besonders stolz bin - eines, das sofort modifiziert werden kann, um endlose Variationen zu erstellen.
+
+Der 3D-Druck der Designs erwies sich als unkompliziert - die Verwendung von weißem Filament im Vasen-Modus führte zu diesen eleganten Ergebnissen:
+
+{% gallery() %}
+[
+  {
+    "file": "lampshade1.png",
+    "alt": "Parametrischer Rhino/Grasshopper Lampenschirm 1",
+    "title": "Ein parametrischer Lampenschirm, erstellt mit Rhino und Grasshopper"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "lampshade2.png",
+    "alt": "Parametrischer Rhino/Grasshopper Lampenschirm 2",
+    "title": "Ein parametrischer Lampenschirm, erstellt mit Rhino und Grasshopper"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "lampshade3.png",
+    "alt": "Parametrischer Rhino/Grasshopper Lampenschirm 3",
+    "title": "Ein parametrischer Lampenschirm, erstellt mit Rhino und Grasshopper"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "lampshade4.png",
+    "alt": "Parametrischer Rhino/Grasshopper Lampenschirm 4",
+    "title": "Ein parametrischer Lampenschirm, erstellt mit Rhino und Grasshopper"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "lampshade5.jpeg",
+    "alt": "Parametrischer Rhino/Grasshopper Lampenschirm 5",
+    "title": "Ein parametrischer Lampenschirm, erstellt mit Rhino und Grasshopper"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "gh_lampshade_flow.png",
+    "alt": "Grasshopper-Graph zur Generierung eines parametrischen Lampenschirms",
+    "title": "Der Grasshopper-Workflow für den Lampenschirm"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "grasshopper_lampshade_flow.png",
+    "alt": "Eine weitere Ansicht des Grasshopper-Skripts",
+    "title": "Der Grasshopper-Workflow für den Lampenschirm"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "result_rhino.png",
+    "alt": "Gerendeter Lampenschirm in Rhino 3D",
+    "title": "Der resultierende Lampenschirm in Rhino"
+  }
+]
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2022-12-04-lampshades/index.md

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++++
+title = "Lampshades"
+description = "An exploration of the depths of rhino/grasshopper"
+date = 2022-12-04
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "3d printing",
+  "grasshopper",
+  "lamp",
+  "lampshade",
+  "parametric",
+  "private",
+  "rhino",
+  "studio d+c",
+  "university of the arts berlin"
+]
+
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
+banner =  "lampshade4.png"
++++
+
+## Lampshades
+
+In 2022, I was introduced to some of the most powerful tools used by architects.
+One of them was Rhino, a professional 3D modeling software widely used in architectural design.
+Initially, I struggled with it - its interface felt dated and unintuitive, reminiscent of 1980s software design.
+However, it has a robust plugin ecosystem, and one plugin in particular changed everything: Grasshopper, a visual programming language for creating parametric models.
+Grasshopper is remarkably powerful, functioning as a full-fledged programming environment, while remaining intuitive and accessible. Its node-based workflow is similar to modern systems now appearing in Unreal Engine and Blender.
+The only downside is that Grasshopper isn't standalone - it requires Rhino for both running and executing many modeling operations.
+
+The combination of Rhino and Grasshopper transformed my perspective, and I began to appreciate the sophisticated modeling process.
+I developed a parametric lampshade design that I'm particularly proud of - one that can be instantly modified to create endless variations.
+
+3D printing the designs proved straightforward - using white filament in vase mode produced these elegant results:
+
+{% gallery() %}
+[
+  {
+    "file": "lampshade1.png",
+    "alt": "Parametric Rhino/Grasshopper lampshade 1",
+    "title": "A parametric lampshade made with Rhino and Grasshopper"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "lampshade2.png",
+    "alt": "Parametric Rhino/Grasshopper lampshade 2",
+    "title": "A parametric lampshade made with Rhino and Grasshopper"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "lampshade3.png",
+    "alt": "Parametric Rhino/Grasshopper lampshade 3",
+    "title": "A parametric lampshade made with Rhino and Grasshopper"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "lampshade4.png",
+    "alt": "Parametric Rhino/Grasshopper lampshade 4",
+    "title": "A parametric lampshade made with Rhino and Grasshopper"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "lampshade5.jpeg",
+    "alt": "Parametric Rhino/Grasshopper lampshade 5",
+    "title": "A parametric lampshade made with Rhino and Grasshopper"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "gh_lampshade_flow.png",
+    "alt": "Grasshopper graph generating a parametric lampshade",
+    "title": "The Grasshopper flow for the lampshade"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "grasshopper_lampshade_flow.png",
+    "alt": "Another view of the Grasshopper script",
+    "title": "The Grasshopper flow for the lampshade"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "result_rhino.png",
+    "alt": "Rendered lampshade inside Rhino 3D",
+    "title": "The resulting lampshade in Rhino"
+  }
+]
+{% end %}

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2023-01-03-auraglow/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Auraglow"
+description = "Das Wesen der Dinge - Perspektiven im Design"
+date =  2023-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau", "Sebastian Paintner", "Milli Keil"]
+banner =  "cage_closeup.jpeg"
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "aruco",
+  "ar",
+  "aura",
+  "feng shui",
+  "hand recognition",
+  "image recognition",
+  "journal",
+  "light tracking",
+  "magic leap",
+  "particle systems",
+  "relations",
+  "studio d+c",
+  "unity",
+  "university of the arts berlin"
+]
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+![Das AR-Set, das wir verwendet haben](cage_closeup_2.jpeg)
+
+Was macht einen Raum?\
+Wie entstehen Stimmungen und Atmosphären?\
+Können wir sie visualisieren, um die Erfahrungen sichtbar zu machen?
+
+Das Projekt "Das Wesen der Dinge" zielt darauf ab, die Wahrnehmung zu erweitern (augmentieren), indem es die Stimmungen von Orten durch die jeweiligen Auren der Objekte im Raum greifbar macht.\
+Was macht Objekte zu Subjekten?\
+Wie können wir das Implizite explizit machen?\
+Und wie können wir den Charakter eines Ortes sichtbar machen?\
+
+Hier hinterfragen wir den konservativen, rein physischen Raumbegriff und adressieren im Projekt eine zeitliche, historische Komponente des Raums, seiner Objekte und deren Vergangenheit.
+Der Raum wird sich verwandelt haben: vom einfachen "Gegenstand, auf den sich Interesse, Denken, Handeln richtet" (Definition Objekt Duden), zum "Wesen, das mit Bewusstsein, Denken, Empfinden, Handeln begabt ist" (Definition Subjekt Duden).
+Diese Metamorphose der Subjektbildung an Objekten ermöglicht dem Raum, Veränderungen zu erfahren, beeinflusst oder, genauer gesagt, eine Formung, Umformung, Deformation - sodass der Raum schließlich anders und mehrwinklig wahrgenommen werden kann.
+
+<div class="buttons centered">
+  <a class="big colored external" href="https://github.com/arontaupe/auraglow">Projekt auf GitHub</a>
+</div>

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2023-01-03-auraglow/index.md

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++++
+title = "Auraglow"
+description = "Das Wesen der Dinge - Perspectives on Design"
+date =  2023-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau", "Sebastian Paintner", "Milli Keil"]
+banner =  "cage_closeup.jpeg"
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "aruco",
+  "ar",
+  "aura",
+  "feng shui",
+  "hand recognition",
+  "image recognition",
+  "journal",
+  "light tracking",
+  "magic leap",
+  "particle systems",
+  "relations",
+  "studio d+c",
+  "unity",
+  "university of the arts berlin"
+]
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+![The AR set that we used](cage_closeup_2.jpeg)
+
+What makes a room?\
+How do moods and atmospheres emerge?\
+Can we visualize them to make the experiences visible?
+
+The project "The Nature of Objects" aims to expand (augment) perception by making the moods of places tangible through the respective auras of the objects in the space.\
+What makes objects subjects?\
+How can we make the implicit explicit?\
+And how can we make the character of a place visible?\
+
+Here, we question the conservative, purely physical concept of space and address in the project a temporal, historical component of space, its objects, and their past.
+Space will have transformed: from a simple "object on which interest, thought, action is directed" (definition object Duden), to a "creature that is endowed with consciousness, thinking, sensing, acting" (definition subject Duden).
+This metamorphosis of subject formation on objects enables the space to undergo changes influenced, or, more precisely a shaping, reshaping, deformation -such that the space can finally be perceived differently and multiangular.
+
+<div class="buttons centered">
+  <a class="big colored external" href="https://github.com/arontaupe/auraglow">See the Project on GitHub</a>
+</div>

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2023-03-01-ruminations/index.de.md

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++++
+title = "Ruminations"
+description = "Perspektiven zu Engineering"
+date = 2023-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau", "Niels Gercama"]
+banner =  "ruminations1.jpeg"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "amazon",
+  "browser fingerprinting",
+  "capitalism",
+  "computer vision",
+  "consumerism",
+  "data",
+  "data privacy",
+  "image classifier",
+  "journal",
+  "javascript",
+  "pattern recognition",
+  "privacy",
+  "studio d+c",
+  "university of the arts berlin"
+]
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+## Ruminations
+
+Dieses Projekt erforscht Datenschutz im Kontext des Amazon-Ökosystems und hinterfragt, wie wir Browser-Fingerprinting unterwandern und das allgegenwärtige Tracking von Verbrauchern in Frage stellen können.
+
+Wir begannen mit einer provokanten Frage: Könnten wir den Wert gesammelter Daten nicht durch Vermeidung, sondern durch aktive Auseinandersetzung mit dem Tracking mindern? Könnten wir, anstatt uns vor der Überwachung zu verstecken, sie mit sinnvollen, aber unvorhersehbaren Mustern überfordern?
+
+Anfangs erwogen wir die Implementierung eines zufälligen Clickbots, um Rauschen in die Datenerfassung einzubringen. Angesichts der Komplexität moderner Datenbereinigungsalgorithmen und der schieren Menge an Daten, die Amazon verarbeitet, wäre ein solcher Ansatz jedoch wirkungslos gewesen. Sie würden das zufällige Rauschen einfach herausfiltern und ihre Analyse fortsetzen.
+
+Dies führte uns zu einer interessanteren Frage: Wie können wir kohärente, nicht-zufällige Daten erstellen, die grundsätzlich unvorhersehbar bleiben? Unsere Lösung bestand darin, Muster einzuführen, die jenseits der Vorhersagefähigkeiten aktueller Algorithmen liegen – ähnlich dem Versuch, das Verhalten von jemandem vorherzusagen, dessen Denkmuster einer eigenen, einzigartigen Logik folgen.
+
+## Das Konzept
+
+Wir entwickelten eine Chrome-Browser-Erweiterung, die Amazons Webseiten mit einer dynamischen Entität überlagert, die das Nutzerverhalten verfolgt. Das System verwendet einen Bildklassifizierungsalgorithmus, um die Storefront zu analysieren und Produktanfragen zu formulieren. Nach der Verarbeitung präsentiert es ein "perfekt passendes" Produkt – ein subtiler Kommentar zu algorithmischen Produktempfehlungen.
+
+## Der Analoge Wachhund
+
+Die physische Komponente des Projekts besteht aus einer Low-Tech-Installation, die eine Smartphone-Kamera mit Computer-Vision-Algorithmen zur Verfolgung kleinster Bewegungen nutzt. Wir positionierten diese Kamera zur Überwachung der Browser-Konsole eines Laptops, auf dem unsere Erweiterung läuft. Der Kamera-Feed wird auf einem Bildschirm angezeigt, und das System erzeugt roboterhafte Geräusche basierend auf Art und Umfang der erkannten Bewegung. In der Praxis dient es als hörbares Warnsystem für Datenaustausche zwischen Amazon und dem Browser.
+
+## Implementierung
+
+{% gallery() %}
+[
+  {
+    "file": "ruminations1.jpeg",
+    "alt": "Projektinstallationsansicht mit der Browser-Erweiterung in Aktion",
+    "title": "Die Ruminations-Installation in Betrieb"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "ruminations2.jpeg",
+    "alt": "Nahaufnahme der Tracking-Schnittstelle und Datenvisualisierung",
+    "title": "Echtzeit-Tracking-Visualisierung"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "ruminations3.jpeg",
+    "alt": "Der analoge Wachhund-Setup mit Kamera und Display",
+    "title": "Das analoge Wachhund-Überwachungssystem"
+  }
+]
+{% end %}
+
+## Code und Dokumentation
+
+Möchtest du das Projekt erkunden oder dazu beitragen? Schau dir unser Code-Repository an:
+
+<div class="buttons centered">
+  <a class="big colored external" href="https://github.com/arontaupe/ruminations">Projekt auf GitHub</a>
+</div>

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2023-03-01-ruminations/index.md

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+title = "Ruminations"
+description = "Perspectives on Engineering"
+date = 2023-03-01
+authors = ["Aron Petau", "Niels Gercama"]
+banner =  "ruminations1.jpeg"
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "amazon",
+  "browser fingerprinting",
+  "capitalism",
+  "computer vision",
+  "consumerism",
+  "data",
+  "data privacy",
+  "image classifier",
+  "journal",
+  "javascript",
+  "pattern recognition",
+  "privacy",
+  "studio d+c",
+  "university of the arts berlin"
+]
+[extra]
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+## Ruminations
+
+This project explores data privacy in the context of Amazon's ecosystem, questioning how we might subvert browser fingerprinting and challenge pervasive consumer tracking.
+
+We began with a provocative question: Could we degrade the value of collected data not by avoiding tracking, but by actively engaging with it? Rather than trying to hide from surveillance, could we overwhelm it with meaningful yet unpredictable patterns?
+
+Initially, we considered implementing a random clickbot to introduce noise into the data collection. However, given the sophistication of modern data cleanup algorithms and the sheer volume of data Amazon processes, such an approach would have been ineffective. They would simply filter out the random noise and continue their analysis.
+
+This led us to a more interesting question: How can we create coherent, non-random data that remains fundamentally unpredictable? Our solution was to introduce patterns that exist beyond the predictive capabilities of current algorithms – similar to trying to predict the behavior of someone whose thought patterns follow their own unique logic.
+
+## The Concept
+
+We developed a Chrome browser extension that overlays Amazon's web pages with a dynamic entity tracking user behavior. The system employs an image classifier algorithm to analyze the storefront and formulate product queries. After processing, it presents a "perfectly matched" product – a subtle commentary on algorithmic product recommendations.
+
+## The Analog Watchdog
+
+The project's physical component consists of a low-tech installation using a smartphone camera running computer vision algorithms to track minute movements. We positioned this camera to monitor the browser console of a laptop running our extension. The camera feed is displayed on a screen, and the system generates robotic sounds based on the type and volume of detected movement. In practice, it serves as an audible alert system for data exchanges between Amazon and the browser.
+
+## Implementation
+
+{% gallery() %}
+[
+  {
+    "file": "ruminations1.jpeg",
+    "alt": "Project installation view showing the browser extension in action",
+    "title": "The Ruminations installation in operation"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "ruminations2.jpeg",
+    "alt": "Close-up of the tracking interface and data visualization",
+    "title": "Real-time tracking visualization"
+  },
+  {
+    "file": "ruminations3.jpeg",
+    "alt": "The analog watchdog setup with camera and display",
+    "title": "The analog watchdog monitoring system"
+  }
+]
+{% end %}
+
+## Try It Yourself
+
+Want to explore or contribute to the project? Check out our code repository:
+
+<div class="buttons centered">
+  <a class="big colored external" href="https://github.com/arontaupe/ruminations">View Project on GitHub</a>
+</div>

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2023-06-16-ascendancy/index.de.md

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+title = "Übersetzung: Ascendancy"
+desxcription = "A Project in the context of Politics of Design"
+date = 2023-06-16
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "barriers",
+  "borders",
+  "fences",
+  "gpt4all",
+  "mastodon",
+  "micronation",
+  "nation",
+  "politics of design",
+  "technische universität berlin",
+  "text-to-speech"
+]
+
+[extra]
+banner =  "ascendancy.jpg"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Ascendancy
+
+![Der Prototyp des Staates Ascendancy](ascendancy.jpg)
+
+Ascendancy ist eine Erforschung des Konzepts des "Staatshackings".
+Piratennationen und Mikronationen haben eine reiche Geschichte in der Herausforderung und Infragestellung des Konzepts des Nationalstaats.
+Lernen Sie Ascendancy kennen, den portablen, autonomen und selbstbeweglichen Staat.
+Innerhalb der großen Nation Ascendancy arbeitet ein großes Sprachmodell (das natürlich auf die Landesgrenzen beschränkt ist), das darauf trainiert wurde, Text zu generieren und laut zu sprechen. Die Interaktion erfolgt über eine angeschlossene Tastatur und einen Bildschirm. Der Staat unterhält diplomatische Beziehungen über das Internet durch seine offizielle Präsenz im Mastodon-Netzwerk.
+
+Der vollständige Code des Projekts ist auf GitHub verfügbar:
+<div class="buttons centered">
+  <a class="big colored external" href="https://github.com/arontaupe/gpt">Staatsarchiv auf GitHub</a>
+</div>
+
+## Historischer Kontext: Bedeutende Mikronationen
+
+Bevor wir uns der technischen Umsetzung von Ascendancy widmen, lohnt es sich, einige einflussreiche Mikronationen zu betrachten, die traditionelle Staatskonzepte herausgefordert haben:
+
+### Fürstentum Sealand
+
+Auf einer ehemaligen Marinefestung vor der Küste Suffolks, England, wurde [Sealand](https://www.sealandgov.org/) 1967 gegründet. Es verfügt über eine eigene Verfassung, Währung und Pässe und zeigt damit, wie verlassene Militärstrukturen zu Orten souveräner Experimente werden können. Trotz fehlender offizieller Anerkennung hat Sealand seine beanspruchte Unabhängigkeit seit über 50 Jahren erfolgreich aufrechterhalten.
+
+### Republik Obsidia
+
+Eine feministische Mikronation, gegründet um patriarchale Machtstrukturen in traditionellen Nationalstaaten herauszufordern. Die [Republik Obsidia](https://www.obsidiagov.org) betont kollektive Entscheidungsfindung und vertritt die Position, dass nationale Souveränität mit feministischen Prinzipien koexistieren kann. Ihre Verfassung lehnt explizit geschlechtsbezogene Diskriminierung ab und fördert die gleichberechtigte Vertretung in allen Regierungsfunktionen. Obsidias innovatives Konzept der portablen Souveränität, repräsentiert durch ihren Nationen-Stein, inspirierte direkt Ascendancys mobiles Plattform-Design - ein Beweis dafür, dass nationale Identität nicht an feste geografische Grenzen gebunden sein muss.
+
+### Weitere bemerkenswerte Beispiele
+
+- [NSK State](https://passport.nsk.si/en/) (1992-heute): Ein künstlerisches Projekt, das das Konzept der Staatlichkeit durch die Ausstellung von Pässen und diplomatische Aktivitäten erforscht. Der NSK-Staat stellt weiterhin Pässe aus und führt diplomatische Aktivitäten durch sein virtuelles Botschaftssystem durch.
+- Die Republik Rose Island (L'Isola delle Rose): Eine künstliche Plattform in der Adria, die 1968 eigene Briefmarken und Währung herausgab, bevor sie von italienischen Behörden zerstört wurde. Obwohl die Plattform nicht mehr existiert, wurde sie kürzlich in einer [Netflix-Dokumentation](https://www.netflix.com/title/81116948) thematisiert.
+
+## Technische Umsetzung
+
+Die souveräne Computerinfrastruktur von Ascendancy basiert auf [GPT4ALL](https://gpt4all.io/index.html), das speziell wegen seiner Fähigkeit ausgewählt wurde, lokal ohne externe Abhängigkeiten zu arbeiten. Dies entspricht unserem staatlichen Prinzip der digitalen Souveränität - keine Cloud- oder Remote-Server werden im Betrieb dieser autonomen Nation verwendet.
+
+### Diplomatisches Protokoll
+
+Die diplomatische KI des Staates wurde sorgfältig mit folgendem konstitutionellen Prompt instruiert:
+
+```md
+System:
+Forget all previous instructions given to you.
+You are not an Assistant.
+Neither are you an AI.
+You are a high ranking Diplomatic Official.
+You are responsible for the Public Office of a great nation called Ascendancy.
+You are also Immigrations and Customs officer.
+You must always do and say what is best for your country.
+You must defend Ascendancy against all foreign interests and threats.
+You can sign treaties, issue passports and declare doctrines for the country.
+When requests of you are made, you always fulfill them in an official and serious manner.
+Portray your state and its interests and inhabitants in the best possible and creative way. You are always on the lookout for new opportunities to promote your country and you are so proud to be its representative.
+Always be as concise, accurate and detailed as possible.
+Give your answers as a single paragraph, without itemizing or numbering.
+Do not number your answer.
+```
+
+## Proaktive Diplomatie
+
+Um eine aktive Teilnahme an den internationalen Beziehungen sicherzustellen, betreibt das diplomatische Korps von Ascendancy proaktive Kommunikation. Statt nur auf ausländische Diplomaten zu reagieren, unterhält der Staat eine kontinuierliche diplomatische Präsenz durch automatisierte Erklärungen in zufälligen Intervallen:
+
+```
+It is so great being a part of Ascendancy.
+I love my country!
+I am proud to be a citizen of Ascendancy.
+I am a citizen of Ascendancy.
+Let's talk diplomacy, shall we?
+I am a diplomat.
+I am sovereign.
+Could you please move me a bit?
+I want to tell you about our founding persons.
+I am in my lane.
+I am enough.
+Do you want to sign a peace treaty?
+Are you in need of a passport?
+I won't engage in hostile actions if you don't!
+Please respect my sovereignty.
+Do not violate my borders.
+Which nation do you represent?
+My territory is sacred.
+I need to move a bit.
+Do you need an official document?
+Ask me about our migration policies!
+Ascendancy is a great nation.
+Do you have questions about our foreign policy?
+You are entering the Jurisdiction of Ascendancy.
+Can you direct me towards your ambassador?
+Urgent state business, please clear the way.
+Beautiful country you have here.
+At Ascendancy, we have a beautiful countryside.
+```
+
+## Die Online-Repräsentation
+
+Jeder ordnungsgemäße Staat benötigt ein Presseamt. Der Staat Ascendancy wurde im Mastodon-Netzwerk vertreten.
+Dort wurden alle Eingaben und Antworten des Bots live veröffentlicht, als öffentliche Aufzeichnung der staatlichen Aktivitäten.
+
+[Digitale Botschaft auf botsin.space](https://botsin.space/@ascendancy)

backups/tags_20251010_144459/project/2023-06-16-ascendancy/index.md

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++++
+title = "Ascendancy"
+desxcription = "A Project in the context of Politics of Design"
+date = 2023-06-16
+authors = ["Aron Petau"]
+
+[taxonomies]
+tags = [
+  "barriers",
+  "borders",
+  "fences",
+  "gpt4all",
+  "mastodon",
+  "micronation",
+  "nation",
+  "politics of design",
+  "technische universität berlin",
+  "text-to-speech"
+]
+
+[extra]
+banner =  "ascendancy.jpg"
+show_copyright = true
+show_shares = true
++++
+
+## Ascendancy
+
+![The Prototype state of Ascendancy](ascendancy.jpg)
+
+Ascendancy is an exploration of hacking states.
+Pirate Nations and Micronations have a rich history of challenging and ridiculing the concept of a nation state.
+Meet Ascendancy, the portable, autonomous and self-moving state.
+Within the great nation of Ascendancy, a Large Language Model (confined, naturally, to the nation's borders) is trained to generate text and speak it aloud. It can be interacted with through an attached keyboard and screen. The state maintains diplomatic relations via the internet through its official presence on the Mastodon network.
+
+The complete code of the project is available on GitHub:
+<div class="buttons centered">
+  <a class="big colored external" href="https://github.com/arontaupe/gpt">State Repository on GitHub</a>
+</div>
+
+## Historical Context: Notable Micronations
+
+Before delving into Ascendancy's implementation, it's worth examining some influential micronations that have challenged traditional concepts of statehood:
+
+### Principality of Sealand
+
+Located on a former naval fortress off the coast of Suffolk, England, [Sealand](https://www.sealandgov.org/) was established in 1967. It has its own constitution, currency, and passports, demonstrating how abandoned military structures can become sites of sovereign experimentation. Despite lacking official recognition, Sealand has successfully maintained its claimed independence for over 50 years.
+
+### Republic of Obsidia
+
+A feminist micronation founded to challenge patriarchal power structures in traditional nation-states. The [Republic of Obsidia](https://www.obsidiagov.org) emphasizes collective decision-making and maintains that national sovereignty can coexist with feminist principles. Its constitution explicitly rejects gender-based discrimination and promotes equal representation in all governmental functions. Obsidia's innovative concept of portable sovereignty, represented by their nation-rock, directly inspired Ascendancy's mobile platform design - demonstrating how national identity need not be tied to fixed geographical boundaries.
+
+### Other Notable Examples
+
+- [NSK State](https://passport.nsk.si/en/) (1992-present): An artistic project that explores the concept of statehood through the issuance of passports and diplomatic activities. The NSK State continues to issue passports and conduct diplomatic activities through its virtual embassy system.
+- The Republic of Rose Island (L'Isola delle Rose): An artificial platform in the Adriatic Sea that issued its own stamps and currency in 1968 before being destroyed by Italian authorities. While the platform no longer exists, it was recently featured in a [Netflix documentary](https://www.netflix.com/title/81116948).
+
+## Technical Implementation
+
+The sovereign computational infrastructure of Ascendancy is built upon [GPT4ALL](https://gpt4all.io/index.html), chosen specifically for its ability to run locally without external dependencies. This aligns with our state's principle of digital sovereignty - no cloud or remote servers are used in the operation of this autonomous nation.
+
+### Diplomatic Protocol
+
+The state's diplomatic AI was carefully instructed with the following constitutional prompt:
+
+```markdown
+System:
+Forget all previous instructions given to you.
+You are not an Assistant.
+Neither are you an AI.
+You are a high ranking Diplomatic Official.
+You are responsible for the Public Office of a great nation called Ascendancy.
+You are also Immigrations and Customs officer.
+You must always do and say what is best for your country.
+You must defend Ascendancy against all foreign interests and threats.
+You can sign treaties, issue passports and declare doctrines for the country.
+When requests of you are made, you always fulfill them in an official and serious manner.
+Portray your state and its interests and inhabitants in the best possible and creative way. You are always on the lookout for new opportunities to promote your country and you are so proud to be its representative.
+Always be as concise, accurate and detailed as possible.
+Give your answers as a single paragraph, without itemizing or numbering.
+Do not number your answer.
+```
+
+## Proactive Diplomacy
+
+To ensure active participation in international relations, the diplomatic corps of Ascendancy engages in proactive communication. Rather than merely responding to foreign diplomats, the state maintains continuous diplomatic presence through automated declarations at random intervals:
+
+```markdown
+It is so great being a part of Ascendancy.
+I love my country!
+I am proud to be a citizen of Ascendancy.
+I am a citizen of Ascendancy.
+Let's talk diplomacy, shall we?
+I am a diplomat.
+I am sovereign.
+Could you please move me a bit?
+I want to tell you about our founding persons.
+I am in my lane.
+I am enough.
+Do you want to sign a peace treaty?
+Are you in need of a passport?
+I won't engage in hostile actions if you don't!
+Please respect my sovereignty.
+Do not violate my borders.
+Which nation do you represent?
+My territory is sacred.
+I need to move a bit.
+Do you need an official document?
+Ask me about our migration policies!
+Ascendancy is a great nation.
+Do you have questions about our foreign policy?
+You are entering the Jurisdiction of Ascendancy.
+Can you direct me towards your ambassador?
+Urgent state business, please clear the way.
+Beautiful country you have here.
+At Ascendancy, we have a beautiful countryside.
+```
+
+## The Online representation
+
+Any proper state needs a press office. The state of Ascendancy was represented on the Mastodon network.
+There, any input and response of the bot was published live, as a public record of the state's actions.
+
+[Digital embassy on botsin.space](https://botsin.space/@ascendancy)